Download Pandemic Influenza - Contra Costa Health Services

Pandemic Influenza Planning
and Preparedness in Contra
Costa County
Special thanks to the following for the
use of their slides:
Howard Backer, MD
Chief, Immunization Branch, California Department of
Health Services
Michael T Osterholm PhD, MPH
Director, Center for Infectious Disease Research and
Policy and Associate Director, DHS National Center
for Food Protection
Overview
• The difference between:
Seasonal influenza
Avian influenza
Pandemic influenza
• What you can do to get prepared
A Modern World View of
Pandemic Influenza
The Truth
•Seasonal Influenza
• Respiratory illness characterized by fever,
headache, tiredness, dry cough, sore
throat, runny nose, etc.
• Complications occur mostly among “high
risk” including those with congestive heart
disease, asthma and diabetes
Seasonal Influenza




High infectivity
Short incubation period
Clinical illness is non-specific
Easily transmitted
Routes of transmission
 Large droplets (sneezing, coughing, contact with
saliva)
 Fomites: doorknobs, Kleenex, etc.
 Rarely airborne over long distance
Average Impact of
Seasonal Influenza in US
• 5-20% infected
• Over 200,000 hospitalized
– About half in 65+
• 36,000 deaths
– >90% in 65+
Avian Influenza
(Bird Flu) is an
infectious disease of
birds
The disease occurs
worldwide.
Many wild bird species carry
these viruses with no
apparent signs of harm.
Other bird species, including
domestic poultry, develop
disease when infected with
avian influenza viruses.
Avian influenza in poultry has a
mortality rate that can approach
100% within 48 hours.
Approximately 150 million birds
have been culled (destroyed).
Avian Flu and
People
As of October 12, 2007, 331 people in
12 countries have been infected with
H5N1 (avian influenza) and 202 have
died of the disease.
Most were infected by close contact with
infected birds.
How could avian flu
become easily
transmissible from
person to person?
• If an avian virus and humanadapted virus “swap genes”
in a co-infected cell of an
animal or human, a “third
virus” would result that could
be readily transmitted by and
between humans.
Mechanisms of Influenza Virus Antigenic “Shift”
Non-human
virus
Human
virus
Reassortant
virus
Definition of an Influenza
Pandemic:
•a new (novel) influenza virus subtype in
humans causing serious illness;
•little or no immunity in the population;
and,
•it spreads easily from person to person.
Pandemic influenza is
different from the current
avian influenza.
Influenza pandemics are
recurring events.
Influenza Pandemics in the
20th Century
Years
Flu
Virus
Mortality
1918-1919
“Spanish”
Type A (H1N1)
20 million worldwide
550,000 US
1957-1958
“Asian”
Type A (H2N2)
70,000 US
1968-1969
“Hong Kong”
Type A (H3N2)
34,000 US
Glezen WP. Epidemiol Rev. 1996;18:65.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza Prevention and Control. Influenza. Available at:
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/flu/fluinfo.htm.
Pandemic Severity Index
Planning Assumptions: Contra
Costa County Total Over 18 months
Infected
Outpatient
Hospital
ICU
Ventilator
Deaths
337,630
168,815
16,882
3,022
1,519
3,950
Things you can do this flu season:
•Promote hand washing and respiratory
etiquette (cover your cough)
•Provide hand sanitizers at work stations
•Provide gloves to money handlers
•Get a flu shot
•Clean shared equipment such as phones and
keyboards regularly
•Contact Health Services about becoming a
Point of Dispensing Push site
Our website cchealth.org
contains information about
pandemic flu preparedness
including a Tool Kit for schools
and childcare centers and
checklists for business, law
enforcement, etc.
For up-to-date health
emergency information in
Contra Costa call:
1-888-959-9911
Thank You!