Download Ecosystems (ch 4)

Mrs. Yanac
Biology 1B
 Weather
– DAY TO
DAY condition of
the atmosphere
 Climate
– average
YEAR TO YEAR
situation of
temperature and
precipitation of an
area
 Natural
trapping of heat around the earth
due to gases in the atmosphere
 Due
to the tilt of the planet, sunlight hits the
planet at different angles, resulting in
different climates.
 Biotic
– all of the living parts of the
ecosystem
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Plants
Animals
Fungi
Microorganisms
 Abiotic
– all of the nonliving parts of the
ecosystem
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Land
Water
Soil
Light
 The
area where an organism lives
 Includes both biotic & abiotic factors
 All
the ABOITIC &
BIOTIC factors in a
habitat AND the way an
organism uses those
things
 The ROLE a species
plays in an ECOSYSTEM
 No 2 species can occupy
the same niche, at the
same place, at the same
time (competition
exclusion principle)
 Symbiosis
– a relationship where 2 organisms
live closely together
1.
Mutualism – Both benefit
2.
Commensalism – One benefits,
one is unaffected
3.
Parasitism – One benefits,
one is harmed
 Predictable
changes to an ecosystem over
time
 PRIMARY SUCCESSION –
Occurs where no soil exists
(on bare rock)
 SECONDARY
SUCCESSION – Occurs in an area
previously disturbed by natural disaster or
human disturbance
Group of ecosystems that have
 Certain climate (temperature & rainfall)
 Soil conditions
 Plants (flora)
 Animals (fauna)
Examples:
Tundra, Rainforest, Desert, Grasslands
Freshwater
 Standing water  Lakes & ponds
 Flowing water  Rivers & streams
Marine (salt water)
 Oceans
 Littoral
zone - inshore,
shallow, high light
levels
 Limnetic zone offshore, high light
levels, upper regions
of water column
 Profundal zone aphotic
 Benthic zone – bottom
substrate; often rich in
detritus
Where saltwater & freshwater mix
 EX: Where a river runs into the ocean
 Unique ecosystem
 Brackish water
 Highly
diverse (both flora & fauna)
 Found in photic zone