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Science 10 – Biology Unit Review Name: 1. Identify the biome described in each statement below: a) Permafrost, short growing season, no trees. b) Dry climate, daily and seasonal temperatures vary greatly. c) Generally found in the interior of continents. d) Dominant vegetation includes lichens, mosses, small shrubs. e) Has the lease seasonal variation in climate. f) Main vegetation is coniferous tress. 2. For an animal of plant in the tundra, give an example of the following: a) Structural adaptationb) Behavioural adaptationc) Physiological adaptation3. Match the following terms to the descriptions. Community ____ a. Division of biosphere in which abiotic components interact with biotic components Species ____ b. Groups on individuals that belong to the same species living in the same area Organism ____ c. A single living thing Ecosystem ____ d. Different populations that interact within an ecosystem Population ____ e. Organisms that can mate and produce offspring that can reproduce. 4. Arrange the terms listed in question #3 in order from the smallest component to the largest component. 5. What does abiotic mean? What does biotic mean? 6. Identify each of the following biotic interactions. (choose from mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, competition, predation) a) Ants feed on chemicals produced by a caterpillar. The ants protect the caterpillars and carry them to their nests at night. b) A rodent feeds on nuts from a tree. The rodent buries some nuts away from the tree which germinate and form the next generation of trees. c) A remora fish attaches to larger fish for transport. The larger fish is not harmed by the remora. d) A whip worm lives in a dog’s intestine and causes the dog to lose nutrients. e) A salamander uses its sticky tongue to capture an insect. f) Big horn sheep butt heads to establish dominance and attract females. 7. How are omnivores, carnivores, and detrivores different? 8. Where is the majority of carbon stored? 9. List three methods of nitrogen fixation: 10. What do nitrifying bacteria produce? Why is it important to plants? 11. What is denitrification? 12. Explain how biomagnification resulted in the death of many orca whales from PCB poisoning. 13. How does primary succession differ from secondary succession? 14. What are pioneer species? Provide an example. 15. How do invasive species affect native species? Give 4 examples. 16. Using the example of a squirrel, explain the difference between a habitat and a niche. 17. Why are there fewer top predators compared to producers? Explain your answer in terms of energy transfer between trophic levels. 18. In an aquatic ecosystem, give an example of the following: a) primary producer b) primary consumer c) secondary consumer d) tertiary consumer 19. In the example above, which would be most affected by DDT pesticide? Explain. 20. How do each of the following processes cycle carbon through an ecosystem. a) Photosynthesis b) Respiration c) Decomposition d) Ocean mixing 21. Why do farmer plant legume crops such as soybeans? 22. How might increased river temperatures affect hawk populations? 23. Why would it be easier to walk through a mature old-growth forest than a young forest undergoing succession? 24. How can pesticides affect algae growth in the ocean? Use the terms leaching and eutrophication. 25. What happens to the energy in top predators when they die? 26. Consider the following diagram. a) Explain why a decline in the population of baleen whales (circled) might lead to an increase in the population of seals, penguins, and krill-eating fish. b) What might happen to the other species if the population of baleen whales increased? 27. How do human activities affect the carbon cycle?