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Download Chapter 8 Identifications By Salman Hamid
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Ch. 8 Key Terms 1). Shi’ites – Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendent of Muhammad’s son in law Ali. Shi’ism is the state religion of Iran 2). Sunnis – Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that the community should select its own leadership. Sunnis occupy majority of the religion in most Islamic countries. 3). Mecca – City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion. 4). Muhammad – Arab prophet; founder of the religion Islam. 5). Muslim – An adherent of the Islamic religion; a person who submits to the will of God, in Arabic Terms. 6). Islam – Religion expounded by the Prophet Muhammad on the basis of his reception of divine relations, which were collected after his death into the Quran. 7). Medina – City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution to Mecca. 8). Umma – The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh century Arabia, where traditionally kingship rather than faith had determined membership in a community. 9). Caliphate – Office established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic Empire. 10). Quran – Book composed of divine relationships made to the Prophet Muhammad which contains the sacred text of Islam 11). Umayyad Caliphate – First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs 12). Abbasid – Descendents of the prophet Muhammad’s uncle Al Abbas, The Abassids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled the Islamic Empire from their capital Baghdad. 13). Mamluks – Under the Islamic military system, who formed an important part of th e Abassid Empire 14). Ghana – First known kingdom in sub Saharan West Africa between sixth and seventeenth centuries. 15). Ulama – Muslim Religious scholars 16). Hadith – A tradition relating to words or deeds of the Prophet Muhammad.