Download 4th Six Weeks Review key

Name __________________________
4th Six Weeks Test Review
Day length and Seasons
1. Seasons are caused by Earth’s____tilt_____ as it _____revolves____around the sun.
2. Label the seasons for the N. hemisphere
b.
c.
spring
summer
a.
winter
d.
fall
3. When it is winter in the N. hemisphere, it is ___summer_ in the S. hemisphere and when it is
summer in the N. hemisphere it is ___winter____ in the S. hemisphere.
Use the diagram below to help you explain why different parts to the earth experience
changes in day length throughout the year.
4. During the summer, the day length is __longer_ because Earth tilts __toward___ the sun
receiving __direct____ sunlight.
During the winter, day length is ___shorter_____ because Earth tilts ___away___ from the sun
receiving __indirect___ sunlight.
Label day length on the diagram.
Long day
Short day
5.
List the seasons in order starting with winter. __winter, spring, summer, fall____
Moon Phases
6. Label the phases of the moon.
c.
1st Quarter
a.
d.
e.
Waxing
gibbous
Full
f.
b.
Waxing
crescent
new
Waning
gibbous
g.
3rd Quarter
Waning
Crescent
a.
h.
7. The light we see from the moon comes from ____the sun___. The moon is always __half___ lit.
The amount of the lighted portion of the moon we see changes throughout its orbit around the
earth because the angle created between the __earth__, __moon___, & __sun__.
8. The moon takes __28 days__ to make a complete revolution around the Earth meaning that
each of the moon phases last approximately ___3__ days.
Tides
9. Tides are caused by the ____gravity of the moon____ and the _____rotation____ of the earth
on its axis.
10. On the diagram below, place an x on the location of a high tide.
x
11. Label the types of tides occurring in the diagram below.
L
a.
Spring
H
H
L
b.
Neap
12. Label where high tides and low tides are occurring in the above diagram.-see H’s and L’s
13. A spring tide occurs during the __full__ and ____new______ phases of the moon which result in
___higher____ than normal tidal ranges. The moon, sun, and earth form a ___straight line____.
14. A neap tide occurs during the __1st Quarter___ and __3rd Quarter___ phases of the moon which
result in __lower_ than normal tidal ranges. The moon, sun, and earth form a ___right
angle_________.
15. Label each situation below with correct tide : Spring, Neap, or Normal
High Tide Level
Low Tide Level
Tidal Range
Tide
Situation 1
12 feet above sea level
8 feet above sea level
4
Neap
Situation 2
20 feet above sea level
1 foot above sea level
19
Spring
Situation 3
10 feet above sea level
2 feet above sea level
8
Normal
Characteristics of the Universe
16. All stars begin as _____nebula______.
17. As an average star depletes its hydrogen, it becomes a ___red giant___ , later becoming a
____planetary nebula____ and will eventually die as a __white dwarf____.
18. As a massive star depletes its hydrogen, it becomes a ___red super giant____ that will explode
in a ______supernova______ eventually becoming either a __neutron__ star or a __black
hole____.
Describe what is happening between each point of the diagram below.
19. Between points A and C: ___Nebula becomes an average star__
20. Between points C and D: __Average star runs out of fuel and becomes a red giant__
21. Between points D and E: __Red giant falls apart to form a planetary nebula____
22. Between points E and F: __Planetary nebula creates a white dwarf__
23. At which point in the diagram above is fusion taking place? ____C____
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
24. HR diagrams show the relationships between __brightness__ and __temperature___ of stars in
the universe.
25. On an HR Diagram you find the __hot_ stars on the left side and the __cool_ stars on the right
side.
26. On an HR Diagram you find the _bright___ stars along the top and the __dim___
stars along the bottom.
27. The most stable stars on the HR diagram are ____main sequence__ stars.
28. Identify the types of galaxies below.
a.
b.
c.
elliptical
spiral
irregular
29. Which type of galaxy is the earth found in? _____spiral_______
30. Place the following in order from smallest to largest:
galaxy,
solar system,
star,
moon,
universe,
___moon, planet, star, solar system, galaxy, universe_
planet.
Characteristics of the Sun
31. Fusion occurs when ___hydrogen_ atoms fuse to form __helium____ with the resulting change
in mass releases energy.
32. What type of star is our sun? (circle one) MASSIVE or AVERAGE
33. Our sun is a _____main sequence star and is the color ___yellow___.
34. Where is our sun located within the Milky Way galaxy? __outer region of spiral arm_____.
35. If our sun is an __average__ size star why is it the largest star we see?
___it is closer than any other star__________
Electromagnetic Spectrum
36. Astronomers can study characteristics of distant __stars__ and galaxies because they emit __EM
waves___.
37. EM waves are produced by __stars__.
38. As the energy and frequency of a wave increase, the wave gets_ shorter__ therefore, as the
energy and frequency decrease the wave gets __longer____.
39. The EM wave that has the longest wavelength, lowest frequency, and lowest energy is the
____radio____ wave.
40. The EM wave that has the shortest wavelength, highest frequency, and highest energy is the
___gamma____ wave.
41. List the 7 types of EM waves in order from longest wavelength to shortest._________________
_____radio, microwave, infrared, visible light, UV, X-ray and gamma________
Light years
42.
43.
44.
45.
A light year measures the ___distance_____ light travels in a ____year_____.
The distance a light year travels in kilometers is __9.5 x 1012_____.
Light years are used by astronomers because ___space is so large______.
If Regulus in the Leo constellation is 85 light years from earth, the light we will see tonight was
actually created in the year __1930_____.
Theories of the Origin of the Universe
46. The Big bang theory states that the universe was once a __small spot (singularity)___ and it
___exploded____ creating the universe as we know it.
47. Astronomers agree with this theory because Edwin Hubble discovered that the galaxies are
____moving away_____ meaning that the universe is __expanding____.
48. Based on what we know about the size of the universe, it can be concluded that it is made up
mostly of ___empty space_.