Download Basic Electronics

Basic Electronics
Irish Mae E. Santiago
III-Newton
• Electronics- It is the study of the properties
and behavior of electrons in various materials.
By material, either by itself or as part of an
entire circuits.
Electronic Materials
• Conductors – materials that readily pass
charges from passing through it.
• Insulators - materials that totally prevents
charges from passing through it.
• Semiconductors - materials that allow only
some of the charges to flow through.
• Superconductors – materials that totally
current to pass through, without any form of
resistance.
Currents
• Current is the rate of the flow of charges,
measured in Amperres (A).
• Cureents is what through a wire. And it is
represented by an arrow, with a label i on top,
the symbol of current.
i = Q͟
t
The Unit of measurement for current is the
ampere, or Amp for short, A as abbreviated.
One ampere is equal to one coulomb of charge
passing a point in a circuit in in one second.
We should also remember that one coulomb
is a lot of charge, 1C = 6 x 1018 electrons.
Voltage
• A voltage or a potential difference is a
measure of the work done on a charge and is
measured in volts.
V= W/Q
• One volt is equal to one joule of work of
coulomb of charge. (1V= J/C). Just a heat flows
through a heat conductor until there is no
longer a temperature difference, charge wants
to flow through an electric conductor until
there is no more potential difference(voltage)
• When measuring voltage, our reference point
is usually called Ground or GND.
Capacitance
• A measure of the ability to store charge and
energy in electric fields. To measure
capacitance of a material, if a voltage V is
attached to the material, the capacitance C
depends on this equation:
C= Q/v
• Resistivity- the property of a material that is a
measure of the ability to resist the flow of
charges. This is dependent on the
temperature of the material. This is opposite
to another property of a material, its
conductivity.
• Resistance- The characteristic of a material of
a given dimension, a measure of the ability to
flow of charges.
OHM’S LAW
• This is a simple relationship between cureent,
voltage and resitance.
V=ixR
Ex. What is the voltage across a material if the
current flowing through it is 2 amperes and
the resistance is 100 ohms?
• Given:
Current(i) =
2A
Resistance(R) = 100 Ω
• Find: Voltage
• Solution:
F: V= iR
= 2 A (100 Ω)
= 200 Volts
Electric Power
• One watt of power is equal to the work done
in one second by one volt moving one
coulomb of charge. Since one coulomb a
second is an ampere.
• P=ExI
• P = I2 x R
• P = E2 / R
The Electric Circuit
• A connection of electric components forming
a closed figure, or a loop.
• Open Circuit
- is when two p0oints are not connected by
anything. No current flows and nothing
happens. If a wire in your vacuum cleaner
breaks it can cause an open circuit and no
current can flow so it does not do anything.
There may be a voltage between those two
points but the current can not flow without a
connection.
- an open circuit provide no path. It is
equivalent to an infinitely large resistance in
the circuit and no current flows.
• Short Circuit
A short circuit occurs when two points with
differennt voltage levels are connected with
no resistance between two ppoints. This can
cause in the large amount of current flow.