Download Islam Guided Notes

Islam Guided Notes
1. The Origins of Islam
a. Main Idea
i. ___________________________, a merchant whom Muslims believe was the
last prophet, reported that he received messages from God.
1. The religion he taught, ______________________, drew many followers
2. The Arabian Peninsula
a. Arabia was sparsely populated _____________years ago. Small bands of Bedouins
moved their herds between scattered oases in the desert
b. The Setting
i. Farming was limited in Arabia
ii. _________________lively
1. Trade routes converged at Arabian Peninsula
2. ________________as well as merchandise exchanged
3. __________-dependent towns rose near coast
iii. Mecca, rear Red Sea, most important of coastal towns
c. Religious Function
i. ______________________, cube shaped structure, at heart of Mecca
ii. 500s, already ancient, considered sacred
iii. Possible meteorite built in one wall, “relic from heaven”
iv. _____________of local gods inside
v. Site drew religious pilgrims
vi. One god considered supreme: Allah
3. Muhammad the Messenger
a. Early Life
i. Muhammad ibn Abd Allah born 570
ii. Parents died, Muhammad raised by uncle, powerful ______________________
iii. Grew up top have a successful career in __________________as merchant
iv. Married to older woman at 25, fathered 7 children, all but 1 of whom died
young
v. Met followers of ________________, Christianity while traveling on business
b. Muhammad’s Faith
i. Had always been religious man, but faiths of others probably also influenced
thinking
ii. Took frequent ___________________retreats
iii. Angels appeared to him during retreat, commanded him to speak messages
from Allah
iv. Muhammad ________________________by visitation, unsure of meaning
v. After more visits from angel, Muhammad concluded God had chosen him to
be___________________.
4. The Revelations
a. Messages
i. Among many messages from angel, Muhammad reported Allah one and only
true and all powerful God
ii. Other messages, instructions on how to live to please Allah, live in paradise
b. Public Preaching
i. Muhammad originally only told ____________, few friends about experiences
ii. Began to preach in public after 3 years, attracted many followers
iii. Some powerful ________________ did not accept teachings
c. Safety
i. Many disliked Muhammad’s criticism of _____________________ beliefs
ii. Only protection of ___________________kept him safe
iii. After uncle’s death Muhammad knew his followers were not safe in Mecca
5. Sharing the Revelations
a. Hegira
i. 622 Muhammad moved to _________________, came to be called Medina “The
Prophet’s City”, journey from Mecca to Medina known as hegira
ii. Later Muslims marked year of hegira as ____________ year of Islamic calendar
b. Building Faith
i. Muhammad spent decade building community of ______________believers
ii. Called faith ______________, meaning “achieving peace through submission to
God”. Followers are called _________________
c. Mecca
i. People of Mecca who wanted Muhammad stopped did not give up
ii. Fought several battles and ultimately lost ground
iii. 630 Muhammad controlled ______________, influence unmatched
6. Basic Ideas of Islam
a. As Muhammad gained _____________power, revelations continued
b. Muhammad could not read, write; ___________________revelations, Followers
memorized words, some wrote them down
c. Writings Muslims believe as direct revelations from God collected in
_________________, sacred text of Islam
d. Qur’an
i. Muslims read from Qur’an to hear Allah’s teachings, seek religious experience in
rhythm, beauty of words
ii. Full meaning only known in original ________________ language, translations
not true representations
e. Five Pillars of Islam
i. Five basic acts of worship central to Islam
1. Profession of Faith
a. “There is no god but God…” by affirmation Muslims signal
acceptance of faith
b. Denies ___________________ of other gods and accepts
Muhammad as prophet
2. Five Daily Prayers
a. Worshippers say daily prayers _____times during day, always
face Mecca to pray no matter where they are
3. Giving Alms to Poor, Needy
a. Muslims supposed to give ______________________of income
to charity, even those with little encouraged to help others
4. Fasting During Ramadan
a. Muslims ________________________to go without food, drink
from dawn to dusk
b. Ramadan when Muhammad began to _____________messages
written in Qur’an
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca
a. Muslims _______________________, financially able required
to go to Mecca
b. Journey called the __________________
i. Gather to pray in mosque, and perform various rituals,
walk 7 times around Kaaba, and climb
___________________________, site of Muhammad’s
last sermon
7. Guidelines for Behavior
a. Qur’an provides guidelines for behavior. Muslims may not eat _______, drink alcohol,
must wash before praying
i. Qur’an prohibits ________________, lying stealing
ii. Requires _______________, to defend Muslim community, also means holy war
b. Sunna and Sharia
i. record of Muhammad’s behavior, teachings known as ______________,
“tradition” provide guidance in personal relationships and business
ii. Muslim legal system known as _____________, reflects various rules by which
Muslims should live, outlines method of reasoning, argument for legal cases
8. People of the Book
a. Islam ____________________________like Jewish, Christian faiths
b. Islamic beliefs
i. Allah the same God as in Jewish, Christian _____________________
ii. Abraham, Moses, ____________________ messengers from God
iii. ________________________last of God’s prophets
iv. Qur’an represents God’s final message
v. Muslims told to respect Jews, Christians as “people of the book” share
_______________of prophets who taught, received God’s revelations