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Common Nouns
A common noun is the word used for a class of person, place or thing.
Examples:
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car
man
bridge
town
Proper Nouns
A proper noun is the name of a person, place or thing (i.e., its own
name). A proper noun always starts with a capital letter.
For example:
• Marry
• Africa
Count Nouns
• It refers to anything that is countable, and has a singular and plural form.
Examples:
• Car
• video
• ball
Uncountable nouns
Uncountable nouns (also called noncount nouns and mass nouns) are nouns
that:
• cannot be counted
• cannot be used alone with numbers
• We cannot "count" uncountable nouns by themselves.
Example:
Pronoun
A pronoun is a part of a speech which functions as a replacement for
a noun.
Some examples of pronouns are: I, it, he, she, mine, his, hers, we,
they, theirs, and ours.
Sample Sentences:
1.The largest slice is mine.
2.We are number one.
Uncountable Nouns
• Anything that cannot be counted is an uncountable noun. Even though
uncountable nouns are not individual objects, they are always singular and
one must always use singular verbs in conjunction with uncountable nouns.
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Music
Art
love
happiness
3. Adjective
• In linguistics, an adjective is a describing word, the main syntactic role of which is
to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified.
Descriptive adjective or adjective of quality
Descriptive adjectives are the most numerous of the different types of adjectives. These
adjectives describe nouns that refer to action, state, or quality (careless, dangerous,
excited, sad, black, white, big, small, long, fat, English, Mediterranean, threecornered).dangerous chemicals green vegetables a square box a big house a tall tree
a cold morning a true story English language Mediterranean country.
• Examples:
dangerous chemicals green vegetables a square box a big house a tall tree
a cold morning a true story English language Mediterranean country.
Adjective of quantity
An adjective of quantity tells us the number (how many) or amount (how much) of
a noun.
Examples:
1.He has eaten three apples.
2.I don’t have much money.
Demonstrative adjective
A demonstrative adjective (this, that, these, those) shows the noun it modifies is
singular or plural and whether the position of the noun is near or far from the person
who is speaking or writing. A demonstrative adjective also points out a fact about the
noun.
Example
1.This red balloon is mine and those three yellow ;ones are yours.
2.This cute baby is his brother. That cute baby is his sister.
Possessive adjective
• A possessive adjective expresses possession of a noun by someone or
something. Possessive adjectives are the same as possessive pronouns.
• Examples of possessive adjectives/pronouns:
• 1.I spent my afternoon cleaning the toilet.
• 2.This must be your cap.
Verb
• a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main
part of the predicate of a sentence, such as hear, become, happen.
Often, prefixes and suffixes (affixes) will signify that a word is a verb. For exa
mple, the suffixes -ify, -ize, -ate, or -en usually signify that a word is a verb, as in
typify, characterize, irrigate, and sweeten. Prefixes such as be-, de-, or en- may
signify that a word is a verb, as in bestow, dethrone, and encourage.
Suffixes Example
Prefixes Example:
Example for verb:
Irine tasted the exotic food.
AUXILLARY VERB:
The auxiliary verbs, also called “helping verbs,” allo
w you to write in various verb tenses and voices wh
en combined with a base or main Verb
Example
• I was given a two-week notice by the sales agent
Question
• It must have been raining very hard
Answer
• The main verb is raining and the auxiliary verbs are must have been.
What are the Different
LINKING VERB:
A linking verb is a kind of verb that links a subject to the complement.
Examples of linking verbs are:
am, is, was, are, were, has been, might have been, become, etc.
Example
• Irine tasted the exotic food.
• The exotic food tasted great!
Question
• They are a problem
• The eggs smell rotten.
Answer
• The word "are" is the linking verb that connects "they" and "problem" to sh
ow the relationship between the two words.
• The word “egg” is the linking verb that connects “the” and :
• “smell”
MODEL VERB:
A modal is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that is used to express: ability, possibility, p
ermission or obligation.
Modal phrases (or semi-modals) are used to express the same things as modals, but are
a combination of auxiliary verbs and the preposition to.
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The modals and semi-modals in English are:
Can/could/be able to
May/might
Shall/should
Must/have to
Will/would
Example
• Tom can write poetry very well.
Question
• Can I ask a question, please?
• You can wear what you like, but you must look neat and tidy.
Answer
• “Can i ask” is the modal verb
• “must look” is the modal verb
STATIVE VERB:
Stative verbs can be recognized because they express a state rather than an action. They typicall
y relate to thoughts, emotions, relationships, senses, states of being, and measurements.
Example
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Our client appreciated all the work we did for him.
Question
She resembles her mother
They really appreciate eveything you did for them.
Answer
“resembes” is the stative verb.
“appreciate” is the stative verb.
5. Adverb
Adverb is word or phrase that modifies the meaning of an adjective, verb, or
other adverb, expressing manner, place, time, or degree (e.g. gently, here, now,
very ). Some adverbs, for example sentence adverbs, can also be used to modify
whole sentences.
1. Adverb of time
2. Adverb of place
3. Adverb of manner
4. Adverb of degree
Adverb of time
• These adverbs tell us about the time of action. e.g. now, then, soon,
tomorrow, yesterday, today, tonight, again, early, yesterday.
Examples
• He collapsed and died yesterday
• His factory was burned down a few months ago
• I will buy a computer tomorrow.
Adverb of place
Adverb of place tells us about the place of action or where action
occurs/occurred/will occur.
• e.g. here, there, near, somewhere, outside, ahead, on the top, at some place.
Examples
• We can stop here for lunch
• .He will come here.
• The children are playing outside.
Adverb of manner
These adverbs tell us that in which manner the action occurs or how
the action occurs or occurred or will occur.
Examples
• The brothers were badly injured in the fight
• she speaks loudly
• At the advanced age of 88, she still sang very well.
Adverb of degree
An adverb of degree tells us the level or extent that something is done or
happens. Words of adverb of degree are almost, much, nearly, quite,
really, so, too, very, etc.
Examples:
• It was too dark for us to find our way out of the cave.
• The referee had to stop the match when it began to rain very heavily
• After all these years, she is still feeling very sad about her father’s death.
Adverb of frequency
Adverbs of frequency tell us how many times
the action occurs or occurred or will occur.
• e.g. daily, sometimes, often, seldom, usually, frequently, always, ever, generally,
rarely, monthly, yearly.
Examples:
• They were almost fifty when they got married.
• .He complained that she never smiled back.
Preposition
• Preposition can be defined as “A word governing, and usually preceding, a
noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in
the clause, as in ‘the man on the platform’, ‘she arrived after dinner’, ‘what
did you do it for ?”
What is Preposition
Preposition is one of the important parts of speech of English
grammar. It is very essential while making a sentence as it provide additional
and necessary details. Prepositions in English are words giving information to
the readers such as where something takes place, when something takes place,
why something takes place, general descriptive information, etc.
Preposition
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Simple Preposition
Compound Preposition
Phrase Preposition
Participle Preposition
Double Preposition
Simple Preposition
Simple prepositions are used in the simple sentences. Some of the simple
prepositions are in, on, at, to, from, with, by, about, over, under, off, of, for, etc.
For example:
• I am not going with
• She is waiting in the park.
Compound Preposition
Compound prepositions are used to join two nouns, pronouns or phrases.
Some of the compound prepositions are about, across, among, beside, before,
above, along, inside, between, around, behind, below, beneath, etc.
For example:
• My city is located between two mountains.
• I will finish the lunch before
Phrase Preposition
Prepositional phrases are groups of words having prepositions indicating
relationships among various elements in the sentence. Some of the phrase
prepositions are according to, an account of, in spite of, in front of, for the sake
of, in order to, by means of, with reference to, in addition to, due to, etc.
For example:
• I returned home due to condolence in the college.
• According to me, there were three mango trees in the garden.
Participle Preposition
A participle preposition is a participle (like an, ed, or ing verb) which acts as a
preposition such as assuming, considering, barring, given, concerning,
notwithstanding, pending, during, regarding, respected, provided, etc.
For example:
• I get sick during summer season.
• I would like to speech regarding healthy food.
Double Preposition
Double prepositions are words having two prepositions (joined together to
make a whole new one) such as into, onto, outside of, out of, within, from
behind, because of, etc.
For example:
• We need to solve three questions out of
• We won the game just because of
Conjunction
The conjunction is a part of a speech which joins words, phrases, or clauses
together.
• Examples of Conjunctions:
and, yet, but, for, nor, or, and so
Sample Sentences:
• This cup of tea is delicious and very soothing.
• Kiyoko has to start all over again because she didn’t follow the professor’s
instructions.
8. Interjection
This part of a speech refers to words which express emotions. Since
interjections are commonly used to convey strong emotions, they are usually
followed by an exclamation point.
Sample Sentences:
• Ouch! That must have hurt.
• Hurray, we won!
• Hey! I said enough!