Download Document

How to Ace Grammar
1. Cross out: (prepositional phrases)
2. Find Verbs
(HV MV) or (HV LV)
3. To find the Subject, ask “Who” or “What” and say the verb(s)
4. Write the sentence patterns:
S – AV – DO
or
S – AV – IO – DO
S – AV – adverb
or
S – AV – DO – OC
S – LV – Pr Nom
or
S – LV – Pr Adj
(Linking verbs: is am are was were be being been) (appear
(seem
become
smell
sound
feel
stay
grow
look
taste
remain)
touch
turn)
5. To find the DO, say the S V and ask “What” or “Whom”?
6. To find the IO, say the S V and ask
“to what”
or
“to whom”?
“for what”
or
or
“for whom”?
7. To find the Pr Nom, find the S and LV and find a noun or pronoun after the verb which is a “synonym” for the S.
8. To find the Pr Adj, find the S and LV and find an adjective after the LV which describes the S.
How to Ace Phrases and Clauses
1. beginning = N(S) no comma
1. prepositional phrases
2. beginning _______, and comma = adverb
2. appositive phrases (small definitions)
3. after an action verb – answers “What?” (“Whom?”) = N(DO) 3. participial phrs. (-ing or –ed = adjs.)
4. after an action verb – answers Where, When, Why, How? = adverb
5. after a preposition = N(OP)
4. gerund phrs. (-ing = nouns=S,D/IO,OP,PN,APP)
6. after a linking verb (LV) = N (Pr Nom)
5. infinitive phrs. (to + verb = nouns, adjs., advs.)
7. the only thing that can modify an adjective is what? adj. _____
(an adverb)
8. the only thing that can modify a noun is what?
(an adjective)
noun _____
Sentences
1. I = Simple
2. I + I = CP ( + = ; or , conjunction ) (the “fan boys” = for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
3. I S
4. I + I
or
S, I
or
I(subject) S
I(predicate) = CX
S (any order) = CP-CX
Starter Words for Subordinate Clauses
Adv. Cls. (Subordinating Conjunctions)
Adj. Cls. (relative pronouns)
Noun Cls. (all of these) plus:
after
considering
than
|
who
|
whoever
although
considering that
though
|
whom
|
whomever
as
even though
unless
|
whose
|
what & whatever
as far as
if
until
|
, which,
|
whichever
as if
inasmuch as
when
|
that
|
where & wherever
as long as
in order that
whenever |
plus sub. conjs:
|
however
as soon as
provided (that)
where
|
where
|
that
as though
since
whereas
|
when
|
whether
because
so long as
wherever |
why
|
why
before
so (that)
while
|
|