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Julius Caesar
Why was Caesar murdered?
Who was Julius
Caesar?
• Roman army general
• Had led his army to conquer
the whole of Gaul
• Was a popular hero with his
troops and with the ordinary
people of Rome
• Due to his success in Gaul, he
was able to gain control of
Rome
Caesar and Pompey
• One of Caesar’s biggest rivals was
another general called Pompey
• The Senate disliked Caesar and
supported Pompey – they ordered
Caesar to get rid of his army
• Caesar ignored them and defeated
Pompey in battle
• Caesar then took over Rome as
‘Dictator for Life’
Caesar’s murder – the build up
• A few weeks before his
murder Caesar is told by
a soothsayer ‘Beware the
Ides of march!’
• The night before his
murder his wife
Calpurnia has a
nightmare and begs him
not to go to the Senate
The Murder
• 15th March 44BC Caesar gets ready
to go to the senate
• More than 60 conspirators wait for
Caesar in the Senate
• The conspirators, all senators, are
led by Brutus and Cassius
• With daggers concealed under their
togas they murder Caesar, stabbing
him at least 23 times
• Caesar says to his friend Brutus
‘You, too, my child.’
Why was Caesar murdered?
A new type of Government
Julius Caesar had no children to inherit his
empire. He adopted his nephew Octavian.
For 13 years after Caesar was assassinated
there was civil war.
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Octavian gained control
of Rome and the
senate awarded him the name “Augustus”
meaning ‘highly respected’
With the rule of Augustus came a new type of
government, The Roman Empire was born.
Augustus was the first Emperor of the Empire.