Download White Blood Cell Abnormalities

White Blood Cell
Abnormalities
Laboratory Procedures
Let us recall what looks Normal.
Some terminology for morphology
• -penia: decreased number of cells in the
blood (Neutropenia, lymphopenia).
• -philia or –cytosis: increased number of
cells in the blood (neutrophilia,
lymphocytosis).
• Macrocytosis: larger than normal cells
• Microcytosis: smaller than normal cells
• Anisocytosis: cells that are unequal in size
• Left shift: presence of immature
neutrophils in blood.
Nuclear Hyposegmentation
• Can be found in cells that contain
lobulated or segmented nuclei.
• Which cells would this be?
• What could this indicate?
Pelger-Huet Anomaly
• Hyposegemented neutrophils that function
normally.
• Hereditary disorder; failure of the nucleus
in mature cells to undergo segmentation.
Nuclear Hypersegmentation
• Recall what can cause this.
Toxic Neutrophils
• Characterized by ctyoplasm basophilia,
Dohle bodies, toxic granulation, and/or
foamy cytoplasm.
• Cells have decreased functional abilities.
• Animal with toxic, degenerative shift may
be compromised by lack of adequate cell
number and decrease ability of cells to
function.
Dohle Bodies
• Blue cytoplasmic inclusions.
• Low numbers may be found in healthy
cats.
• Indicates toxicity in other species.
Normal vs. Toxic Neutrophils
Intracytoplasmic Neutrophil
Inclusions
• Found in neutrophils of animals with
certain infectious diseases.
• Ehrlichia species.
Atypical or Reactive Lymphocytes
• Contain azurophilic granules.
• Generally associated with disease such as
ehrlichiosis
• May have cleaved nuclei
• May have increased cytoplasm
• May have increased basophilia in
cytoplasm
• Changes caused by antigenic stimulation
secondary to vaccination or infection.
Lysosomal Storage Disorders
• Rare
• Inherited disease where substance is
abnormally is stored within the cells due to
enzyme deficiency.
• Can cause skeletal or neurologic disorders
• May contain vacuoles or certain granules.
Birman Cat Neutrophil
Granulation Anomaly
• Contain fine eosinophilic to magenta
granules.
• Inherited autosomal-recessive trait
• Neutrophil function is normal and cats are
healthy.
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
• Neutrophils in cats have large fused
lysosomes within the cytoplasm.
• Stain pink or eosinophilic.
• May have tendency to bleed because
platelet function is abnormal.
• Generally are healthy cats.
Smudge Cells
• May be called basket cells
• Degenerative leukocytes that have
ruptured.
• Small numbers are not considered
significant.
• May be artifact when blood is held too
long.
• May be associated with leukemia.