Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Benign Follicular Adenoma Benign neoplasms derived from follicular epithelium solitary spherical lesion compressing on non-neoplstic thyroid well-demarcated by well-formed capsule contains colloid often discovered on routine examination large masses may cause difficulty in swallowing cells arranged in well-formed follicles Painless nodule cells are uniform with well-defined cell borders variant of follicular adenoma thyrotoxicosis "hot" nodules on radionuclide scanning malignancy almost non-existent in "hot"nodules takes up more iodine than normal tissue "Cold" nodules on radionuclide scanning but 10% of cold nodules eventually prove to be malignant Toxic adenoma Morphology Hurtle cell Adenomas take up less iodine than normal tissue Clinical Features however, distinction b/w follicular adenoma & follicular carcinoma can only be made pathologically after resection cells acquire brightly eosinophilic & granular cytoplasm sign of metaplastic change Histology Does not undergo malignant change similar clinically to follicular adenoma Careful evaluation of capsule is critical rarely has papillary change presence of capsular or blood vessel invasion is diagnostic of follicular carcinoma papillary change should suggest suspicion of encapsulated papillary carcinoma rare variety of benign adenoma that produce thyroid hormone autonomously Toxic Adenoma cells contain mutations of TSH receptor genes hormone production independent of TSH stimulation causes clinical thyrotoxicosis cause receptors to be persistently turned on continuous thyroid hormone production & hyperthyroidism even in absence of TSH