Download Chapter 14 Ionic and Covalent Compounds/ Organic compounds

Chapter 14 Ionic and Covalent Compounds/ Organic compounds
Ionic and Covalent Compounds
Ions and molecules can combine to form compounds. Because there are millions of compounds, scientists
organize them into groups. One way compounds are grouped is by the kind of chemical bond they have. A
____________ bond is the combining of atoms to form molecules or compounds.
Ionic and Covalent Compounds
• Bonding can occur between the _______ electrons of different atoms. The behavior of valence electrons
determines if an _______compound or a __________ compound is formed.
Ionic Compounds and Their Properties
•
The properties of ionic compounds are a result of ________ attractive forces called ionic bonds. An ionic
bond is an attraction between _______ charged ions. The compounds that contain ionic bonds are called
________compounds.
Ionic Compounds and Their Properties
• Ionic compounds can be formed by the reaction of a _______ with a _________. Metal atoms become
positively charged ions and the nonmetal atoms become negatively charged ion when the electron is
___________. Sodium chloride, table salt, is an ionic compound.
Ionic Compounds Properties
• ____________ - Ionic compounds tend to be brittle solids at room temperature, so they usually break apart
when hit. High _______ Points - Strong ionic bonds have high melting points. This is why most ionic
compounds are solids at room temperature. ___________ and _________ Conductivity - Many ionic
compounds are highly soluble and dissolve easily in water. The solution that forms when an ionic compound
dissolves in water can conduct an electric current because the ions are charged and are able to move freely past
each other.
Covalent Compounds and Their Properties
• Most compounds are covalent compounds. ___________ compounds are compounds that form when a group
of atoms ___________ electrons. The group of atoms that make up a covalent compound is called a molecule.
Covalent Compounds Properties
• _____ __________-_ Most covalent compounds are not soluble in water. Low __________ Points The forces
of attraction between molecules of covalent compounds are much weaker than the bonds holding ionic solids
together, so less heat is needed to separate the molecules of covalent compounds. _____________
Conductivity Although most covalent compounds do not dissolve in water, some do. Most of the covalent
compounds that dissolve in water form solutions that have uncharged molecules. Some covalent compounds do
form ions when they dissolve in water. Many acids, for example, form ions in water and these solutions do
conduct electricity.
• __________ compounds are covalent compounds composed of _______-based molecules. More than _____ of
all compounds belong to this group.
- _____ organic compounds contain carbon. Each carbon atom has _____ valence electrons so each carbon atom
can make four _______ with four other atoms.
-O
Organic compounds may also contain _________, oxygen, _______, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
Carbon atoms bond together to form a structure called a ___________. It makes the molecule very _______.
There are _______ types of structures for organic compounds.
-M
Many organic compounds contain several kinds of atoms, but some contain only ___. Organic compounds that
contain only carbon and hydrogen are called ____________.
-O
Organic compounds made by living things are called __________. Biochemicals are divided into _____
categories: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
-_
_____________s are biochemicals composed of one or more simple sugar molecules bonded together.
Carbohydrates are used as a source of ______.
-_
________ are biochemicals that do not dissolve in water. Fats, oils, and waxes are kinds of lipids. Lipids are
also used to store some __________.
-L
Lipids store excess _________ in the body. When an organism has used up most of its carbohydrates, it can
obtain energy by breaking down lipids.
-_
__________ are biochemicals composed of “building blocks” called _____ acids. Amino acids are _______
molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms, and sometimes sulfur atoms.
-M
Most of the ____________ found in living things are proteins. ________ function in the body to regulate
chemical activities, _________ and ______ materials, build and repair body structures, and regulate processes.
-_
_________ Acids
-The largest molecules made by living organisms are nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are bio-chemicals made up of
___________. Nucleotides are molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus atoms.
-T
There are only ___ kinds of nucleotides, but nucleic acids may have _______ of nucleotides bonded together.
-N
Nucleic acids have several functions. One function is to store __________ information. They also help build
proteins and other nucleic acids.
-N
Nucleic acids are sometimes called the __________ of life, because they contain all the information needed for a
cell to make all its proteins.
-DNA and RNA There are two kinds of nucleic acids: ____ and _____.
- DNA (____________ ________) is the genetic material of the cell. DNA molecules can store a huge amount of
information -- DNA molecules in a single human cell have a length of about 2 m.