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Transcript
BIOLOGY Ch 17 Biological communities How organisms interact in communities? Back and forth evolutionary adjustments between interacting members of a community are called __________________. E.g. adaptations in flowering plants that promoted efficient dispersal of their pollen by insects and other animals. In turn, adaptations appeared in pollinators that enabled them to obtain food and other resources from the flowers they pollinate Different forms of interaction 1) Predation e.g. 2) Parasitism e.g. SYMBIOSIS – Different forms of symbiosis: 3) Mutualism e.g. 4) Commensalism e.g. How Competition shapes communities COMPETITON – Species compete for resources like _______________, __________________, _______________, __________________, _______________, _________________ etc. e.g. NICHE – e.g. A JAGUAR’s NICHE Diet – feed on mammals, fish and turtles Reproduction – give birth from June to Aug, during the rainy season Time of activity – they hunt by day and by night All the ways that the jaguar interacts with its environment makes up its niche. ____________________ - is the entire range of resource opportunities an organism is potentially able to occupy within an ecosystem _____________________- is the part of the fundamental niche that a species occupies. e.g. Warbler foraging zones (Refer to figure _____) e.g. Two species of barnacles (Refer to figure _____) GAUSE’s PRINCIPLE OF COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION – When can competitors co-exist? MAJOR BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES Climate - 2 main elements of climate: 1) 2) Biological communities based on the effect of climate (Refer to figure _____) MAJOR BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES (BIOMES) (PROJECT-1 for this semester) MAJOR BIOMES RAINFOREST SAVANNA DESERT TEMPERATE FOREST TEMPERATE GRASSLAND TAIGA TUNDRA Abiotic factors Plants Wildlife Locations