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Egypt Map Label the following using pg. 39 in the textbook. Nile River Nile Delta Nile River Valley – color it green Mediterranean Sea Red Sea Dead Sea Eastern Desert – color yellow Western Desert – color yellow Arabian Desert – color yellow Giza Memphis Great Pyramid Sphinx Geography Natural Defense Barriers Nile Delta: marshland with no natural ports for ships to dock and attack Cataracts: rapids from boulders/rocks that prevent attackers from sailing up River into Egypt. Sahara Desert in the West, Eastern Desert in the East Nile River Longest River in World Flows from south to north and into the Mediterranean Sea. Dependable, predictable flooding (July – October) Gentle, generally not destructive flooding Built basins, canals, and dams, to irrigate crops Papyrus grew along Nile banks – used for baskets, sandals, rafts, and paper Nile River Multi-media Project-Due Thurs. 10/6 Group 1:Uniting Egypt, pgs. 106-107 Group 2: Egypt’s Early Rulers, pgs. 108-109 Group 3: Religion in Egypt, pgs. 110-112 Group 4: Pyramid Tombs, pgs. 113-115 Group 5: Egyptian Daily Life, pgs. 116-119 DIRECTIONS Create a multi-media presentation together. You may create a poster or a PowerPoint presentation. Title your presentation based on the headings above. There should be two visuals (pictures) that are relevant to your subject. I suggest you put them below your title. You will need to size the pictures such that you can still fit 12-15 bullet points (facts) about your subjects on the page. Vocab, names, important people, important ideas about Egypt Rise of Egyptian Government Irrigation needed to be built and maintained, crops stored and distributed, and disputed needed to be settled. Governments emerged to handle these things. Earliest Rulers were village chiefs. Chiefs united into small kingdoms. Eventually Lower Egypt (Nile Delta) and Upper Egypt (up-river) are formed. Rise of Egyptian Government 2 In 3100 B.C. Narmer united the two kingdoms Narmer ruled from Memphis Wore two crowns, one for each early kingdom Rulers passed down power from father to son: known as a dynasty. Egyptian Social Classes Upper King or ruler, priests, army commanders, nobles Lived in palaces, Had pools, gardens, servants Wore linen clothes and wore makeup Egyptian Social Classes 2 Middle Traders, artisans, shopkeepers Smaller homes, dressed simply Lower Farmers and unskilled laborers Lived in villages along Nile, mud homes with dirt floors, had family activities on flat roofs Old Kingdom 2600 B.C. – 2300 B.C. Egypt prospered Built cities Expanded trade Set up a strong government Egyptian kings are called Pharaohs Pharaoh = “great house” Lived in palaces Guided Egypt’s every activity His word was law Old Kingdom 2 Pharaohs had officials to oversee things – canals, planting crops, grain storage, collecting taxes Egyptians believed a strong central leader was needed to make Egypt strong Egyptians thought Pharaoh was the son of their sun god, Re. Citizens played music when he appeared in public Bystanders had to bow down and touch their heads to the earth Pharaoh was the 1st to cut grain to bring a good harvest, bull ceremony would mean rich soil. Egyptian Religion Polytheistic: worshipped many gods. Poly – many, theo – god Re: sun god for harvests etc. Hapi: god of Nile River Isis: goddess of mothers and wives Osiris: god of the dead, afterlife Egypt Religion 2 Life After Death Egyptian afterlife The next life even better than this one – the dead find peace and plenty Book of the Dead – collection prayers and spells to obtain life after death. Osiris meets then at the entrance to the afterlife. Those that were “good” and knew the prayers/spells were allowed in. Pharaohs’ spirits would need their bodies and belongings for the journey – mummification. Egyptian Mummies I want my mummy! You can’t take it with you….or can you? Mummification Embalming: Priests removed the body’s organs and placed them in jars for preservation. The body is then rubbed with salt and allowed to dry. Next, the body if filled with spices and perfumes, stitched up, and wrapped in clean linen and oil. Old Kingdom 3 2540 B.C. Egyptians built the tallest pyramid – The Great Pyramid in Giza. 500 ft. above the desert 9 football fields in area 2 million stone blocks Tallest structure in the world for over 4000 years Tall as a 48 story building The Middle Kingdom 2050 B.C. – 1670 B.C. Egypt became decentralized, nobles fought for power Finally, a new dynasty of pharaohs took power. Moved capital from Memphis to Thebes New territories paid tribute ( $ ) to the Pharaoh. Middle Kingdom 2 Built canal from Nile to Red Sea Arts, literature, and architecture thrived. Pharaohs cut their tombs into the cliffs west of the Nile. “Valley of the Kings.” Valley of the Kings The New Kingdom Egyptian prince Ahmose lead a rebellion that drove the Hyskos out of Egypt. Egypt became even richer and more powerful during the NK. Most Pharaohs during the NK made increasing land and power a priority. Queen Hatshepsut 1st ruled with her husband until his death. Then ruled on behalf of her young nephew. Eventually made herself a Pharaoh. Dressed like a man so as not to appear weak in public. New Kingdom 2 Hatshepsut greatly increased Egypt’s trade Traders sailed along the east coast of Africa. Exchanged beads, metal, and tools for gold, ivory, ebony, and incense. Built monument to herself in the Valley of the Kings Amenhotep IV: came to power with wife, Nefertiti Change Egypt’s religion to worship only one god, Aton Amenhotep changed name to Akhenaton which means ”spirit of Aton.” 1) most Egyptians believed his attack on the gods was an attack on Egypt. 2) he concentrated on his new religion so much that he neglected his job as a pharaoh. 3) Egypt began to lose land. 5. Tutankhamen a. The Boy King 1.) was 10 years old when he took the throne when Akhenaton died. 2.) he relied on help from priest & palace officials. b. Accomplishments 1) restored old religion 2.) one of the youngest to rule Egypt c. Popularity today 1.) King Tut ruled only nine years and then died from an injury, or was murdered. This is a fascinating mystery for people. 2.) British archaeologist Howard Carter, found King Tut's tomb in 1922. The tomb contained incredible treasures. Ramses II Ramses II: Regained lands in Asia that Akhenaton lost. Launched huge building program and built several major temples. Many temples built by enslaved people captured during war Last truly great pharaoh of Egypt Under Ramses, Egypt was so prosperous that 9 other pharaohs took his name Had more than 100 children. Egypt’s Decline After Ramses II, pharaohs had trouble keeping neighboring countries under control. Egypt was attacked by groups from the eastern Mediterranean who had strong iron weapons. Egypt had iron weapons too, but they were very costly because Egypt had no iron ore. Finally the Kush took over and ruled Egypt for 70 years beginning in 760 B.C. Eventually Egypt was conquered by the Assyrians *****Egyptians wrote the world’s 1st medical books on scrolls of papyrus.