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Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide
NAME:____________________________ CLASS: ________ DATE: ________
SCIENCE FOCUS 7 UNIT 1
INTERACTIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS STUDY GUIDE
The study guides are vocabulary lists and questions that come directly from the textbook.
Almost all of the vocabulary words are found in the glossary and are usually completed before
starting the questions. Words that do not appear in the glossary can usually be found within the
text of the material. Most of the questions are “easily” answered by reading through the material
carefully and using the page numbers in brackets after each question. The questions appear in
order according to the information in the text.
Please monitor your child’s completion of this task and initial in the boxes below when it has
been completed. Students will need a parent signature in the box by the due date to receive the
full four marks for each topic. Notes completed after the due date will receive three marks for
each topic. The study guides are due on the day that the appropriate quiz is written but may be
completed in advance of the due date.
GRADE 7 UNIT 1: INTERACTIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS
SUGGESTED COMPLETION DATE
PARENT SIGNATURE
TOPIC 1
TOPIC 2
TOPIC 3
TOPIC 4
TOPIC 5
TOPIC 6
TOPIC 7
It is important to review work on a regular basis. Notes can be read through and study guide
questions can be “asked” and “answered”. Students will receive more information regarding
how to use the notes and study guides to specifically prepare for quizzes and exams as we
approach our first quiz in approximately two to three weeks.
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Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide
SCIENCE FOCUS 7 UNIT 1
INTERACTIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS STUDY GUIDE
TOPIC 1: INTERACTIONS WITHIN AN ECOSYSTEM
CONCEPT
DEFINITION
ILLUSTRATION
ecology
ecologist
habitat
adapted
adaptation
ecosystem
symbiosis
mutualism
parasitism
parasite
host
commensalism
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Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide
Questions (the number in brackets at the end of the answer line is the page where the answer can be found)
1. Like all living things, whooping cranes ________________________________________ (2)
2. Humans also interact with the environment. Unfortunately, ________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ (2)
3. Ecologists study and explore ___________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________ (6 & 7)
4. An organism’s basic needs include ___________________________________________(8)
5. Living things are always ____________________________________________________(8)
6. Living things are adapted so that they _________________________________________(10)
7. This ensures that they can __________________________________________________(10)
8. Learned behaviors that help animals survive are not adaptations because ________________
__________________________________________________________________________ (10)
9. Humans can survive in a wide variety of habitats including space and the deep sea because
__________________________________________________________________________(11)
10. A rotting log is an example of an _______________. It is formed by ___________________
__________________________________________________________________________(13)
11. Understanding connections will help understand ________________________________ (13)
12. If one part (____________________________________) of an organism’s world is affected,
the organism will need_______________________________________________________ (13)
13. In order to study ecosystems, scientists __________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(13)
14. Symbiosis occurs when _______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(14)
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Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide
15. Give an example from the textbook of mutualism and explain how it works. _____________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(14)
16. Give an example from the textbook of parasitism and explain how it works. _____________
_____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________(14 & 15)
17. Give an example from the textbook of commensalism and explain how it works. __________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(15)
18. Ecosystems are made up of ____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(16)
19. Describe the impacts on the environment when a beaver builds a dam. __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(16)
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Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide
TOPIC 2: HUMAN IMPACTS ON ECOSYSTEMS
CONCEPT
DEFINITION
ILLUSTRATION
natural resources
DDT
(not in glossary
so listen in class)
1. As Canada’s population increased_______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(18)
2. People use ______________________________________ such as _____________________
__________________________to ______________________________________________(18)
3. Many human technologies__________________________________________________(18)
4. Human impacts can be small. For example, _______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(19)
5. Human impacts can be large. For example, _______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(19)
6. As the human population increases ______________________________________________
As their numbers grow________________________________________________________(19)
7. Lifestyle changes have_____________________________________________________(20)
8. Meeting wants and needs __________________________________________________(22)
9. Our demand for more consumer products often ____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(22)
10. In our haste to _____________________________________________________________
we often ___________________________________________________________________(24)
11. For a long time, fire was seen as ________________________________________________
Now we know ______________________________________________________________(24)
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Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide
12. DDT was used to ____________________________________________________________
Unfortunately it also _________________________________________________________ (24)
13. Large predators such as _______________________________________________________
used to be seen as __________________________________so they were_______________ (25)
14. Now, because people _______________________________________________________
these animals are regarded as _____________________________________________________
because they _______________________________________________________________(25)
15. Without this natural control ____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(25)
TOPIC 3: ENVIRONMENTAL CHOICES
CONCEPT
DEFINITION
ILLUSTRATION
sustainability
ecological
footprint
1. Our food and shelter come from ________________________________________________
and all of our waste__________________________________________________________(29)
2. People in North America and other wealthy countries use ____________________________
They do not_________________________________________________________________(29)
3. Sustainability means _________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(29)
4. Each human has _____________________________________________________________
The difference is_____________________________________________________________(30)
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Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide
5. There are about _________________________ in the world. If the usable land was divided
equally among all the people on Earth, each person would get about ______________________
People in Canada need about __________________________________________________(30)
6. An ecological footprint is ____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(30)
7. Materials include ____________________________________________________________
Energy includes _____________________________________________________________(30)
8. The ecological footprint of a person travelling 10 km back and forth to work would be:
by bike:________________; by bus: ________________; alone in a car: _______________ (31)
9. At present the ecological foot print of the average Canadian is ________________________
Most Canadians are__________________________________________________________(31)
10. The two steps in reducing your impact are: _______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(31)
11. Three actions that will reduce the size of your ecological footprint are: __________________
__________________________________________________________________________(33)
12. Explain what is meant by reduce and give an example: ______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(33)
13. Explain what is meant by reuse and give an example: ______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(33)
14. Explain what is meant by recycle and give an example: ______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(33)
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Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide
15. When humans affect the environment it is often because _____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(35)
16. In a country as vast as Canada _________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(35)
TOPIC 4: HOW ORGANISMS INTERACT
CONCEPT
DEFINITION
ILLUSTRATION
biotic
abiotic
niche
producers
consumers
herbivores
carnivores
predators
prey
omnivores
food chain
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Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide
energy flow
food web
pyramid of
numbers
biomass
scavengers
decomposers
1. Living parts of the environment are called _____________________________________(38)
2. Non-living parts of the environment are called __________________________________(38)
3. Abiotic parts of the environment include ______________________________________(38)
INCLUDE THE DIAGRAM FROM THE BOTTOM OF PAGE 38 IN YOUR LOGBOOK
4. A niche is _______________________________________________________________(40)
5. To determine an organism’s niche you must ______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(40)
6. Explain what producers are and give an example from the textbook. ____________________
__________________________________________________________________________(40)
7. Explain what consumers are, list the three types and give an example of each from the
textbook. ____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(40)
8. Explain how a meat-eating animal gets energy from the sun. ________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(42)
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Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide
9. A food chain is ______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(42)
10. At each step along the chain the three things that can happen to the energy are ____________
__________________________________________________________________________(42)
11. Energy flow is ______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(42)
12. Food web are ____________________________________________________________(43)
13. A pyramid of numbers is used to show ________________________________________(43)
14. A pyramid of biomass is used to show ________________________________________(43)
15. Scavengers are ___________________________________________________________(44)
16. Decomposers are _________________________________________________________(45)
17. Many ____________________________________________________are decomposers. (45)
INCLUDE FIGURES 1.30, 1.32, 133, & 134 FROM P. 42 & 43 IN YOUR LOGBOOK
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Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide
TOPIC 5: CYCLES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
CONCEPT
DEFINITION
ILLUSTRATION
carbon cycle
water cycle
pollution
pollutants
acid rain
pH
bioaccumulation
1. When you or another animal breathes out _________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(49)
2. When an animal or plant dies ___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(49)
3. Plankton are ________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(49)
4. They all contain _________________which is what___________________are made of. (49)
5. Phytoplankton use sunlight to _______________________________________________(49)
6. Over time and ___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(49)
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Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide
7. Carbon is necessary___________________________________________________________
Plants use_____________________________________________________________________
Animals and other organisms __________________________________________________(49)
8. All living things require ___________________________________________________(51)
9. Water is used for ___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(51)
10. Water moves ____________________________________________________________(51)
11. The water cycle is ________________________________________________________(51)
INCLUDE FIGURE 1.39 FROM P. 49 & 1.41 FROM P. 51 IN YOUR LOGBOOK
12. Pollution occurs when_________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(52)
13. Many substances that occur naturally become pollutants when ________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(52)
14. Explain how acid rain forms. ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(52)
INCLUDE FIGURE 1.43 FROM PAGE 52 IN YOUR LOGBOOK
15. Explain how PCBs, mercury and DDT got into the environment. ______________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(53)
16. Bioaccumulation occurs when ________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(54)
INCLUDE FIGURE 1.46 FROM PAGE 54 IN YOUR LOGBOOK
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Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide
TOPIC 6: SUCCESSION AND CHANGE IN ECOSYSTEMS
CONCEPT
DEFINITION
ILLUSTRATION
succession
primary
succession
secondary
succession
biological
control
introduced
species
extinct
1. Give an example of rapid change in an ecosystem. __________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(56)
2. Give an example of slow change in an ecosystem. __________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(56)
3. Succession is _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(56)
4. Primary succession is _________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(57)
5. Secondary succession is _______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(57)
INCLUDE FIGURE 1.47 FROM PAGE 56 IN YOUR LOGBOOK
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Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide
6. How do humans affect the environments around them? ____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(60)
7. What happened when land was cleared for farms? Include the information about the cowbird.
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(60)
8. Why were cowbirds and coyotes able to survive in the new habitats while songbirds and
wolves couldn’t? _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(60)
9. What is a problem associated with using pesticides such as DDT? _____________________
__________________________________________________________________________(61)
10. Using natural enemies to control pests is called _________________________________(61)
11. Non-native species introduced to an ecosystem create ___________________________(61)
12. Introduced or exotic species are _______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(63)
13. How can introduced species lead to problems? _____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(63)
14. List the introduced species that have lead to problems mentioned on page 63. ____________
__________________________________________________________________________(63)
15. An organism is extinct if ___________________________________________________(64)
16. The main cause of extinction today is ________________________________________(64)
17. Some biologists think that in the future the main cause of extinction will be _____________
__________________________________________________________________________(64)
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Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide
18. Another cause of extinction today is __________________________________________(64)
19. List Canada’s extinct species mentioned on page 64. ________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(64)
20. List Canada’s endangered species mentioned on page 64. ____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(64)
21. What is “Operation Burrowing Owl”? ____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(67)
TOPIC 7: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
CONCEPT
DEFINITION
ILLUSTRATION
ecosystem
monitoring
indicator
species
baseline data
permanent
plots
Environmental
Impact
Assessment
1. Environmental monitoring is a way ______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(68)
2. Monitoring helps scientists understand ___________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(68)
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Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide
3. List the different types of monitoring that can be done (figures 1.62 A,B,C and D)
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(68)
4. An important part of monitoring programs is __________________________________ (68)
5. Two main times when environmental monitoring can begin are ________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(69)
6. A key part of making environmental decisions is ___________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(69)
7. Amphibians make good indicator species because __________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________ (69)
8. In general we know __________________________________________________________
but this is changing as________________________________________________________(69)
9. To study amphibian health and overall populations ______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(70)
10. Explain what the worldwide task force does. _____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(70)
11. To determine the changes in an ecosystem after a major event it is important to __________
__________________________________________________________________________(74)
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Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide
12. Baseline data gives scientists ___________________________________________________
It can also be used to_________________________________________________________(74)
13. An Environmental Impact Assessment outlines ____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(74)
14. The Northern Rivers Basins region includes _______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(78)
15. Aboriginal people living in the area depend on the land for ___________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(78)
16. The Northern River Basins Study was started to ___________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(78)
17. When the information was analyzed _____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(78)
18. By understanding how _______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________(78)
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