Download SOCIAL WORK`S MULTIDIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVE Eight Main

SOCIAL WORK’S MULTIDIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Eight Main Perspectives & Their Associated Theories
Hutchinson, E. (2008)
Perspective
Focus
Systems
HB is outcome of
reciprocal interactions of
persons operating within
organized, integrated
social systems
(Business Theory)
-The environment is full
of different systems that
are constantly interacting
with one another.
Propositions/
Big Ideas
-A system consists of
parts that are orderly and
interrelated to make a
functioning whole.
Conflict
Rational Choice
Social Constructionist
HB is influenced by a person’s power
within his or her group (economic,
racial, ethnic, religious, age, gender,
sexual orientation, etc.). Attention is
on conflict, inequality, dominance and
oppression in social life.
(Sociology Theory)
Human behavior is influenced by
social conflict, inequality, dominance
and oppression.
HB is based on self-interest and
rational choices when
accomplishing goals.
Focuses on how people classify
their world based on the
information that culture and society
gives them.
(Philosophy and Economic Theory)
(Philosophy Theory)
Individuals always want to
maximize their benefits and
eliminate their costs.
In society, power is unequally divided
and some groups dominate others.
The exchanges that individuals
make occur because they want to
increase their benefits & decrease
their cost.
Even though society (or society’s
consciousness) may tell us how to
view or classify things, there is
really no truth to these realities.
There is not one true reality
Individuals and groups try to advance
their interest over others.
Conflict is inevitable when there is a
difference in power.
Social change is driven by conflict.
How a group sees “benefits” and
“costs” depends upon the values of
that group.
In order to survive, we must
interact and make social exchanges.
There are as many different
“realities” as there are people on
the planet.
These many realities change
constantly, depending upon a
person’s social interaction.
Every society member has a
different view of reality. We need
to ask them specifically in order to
find out about it.
As people interact, they create their
own shared meanings/reality.
Concepts/
Terminology
Boundary, homeostasis,
role, closed and open
systems,
Power; Dominant Individuals/Group;
Oppression; Privilege
Exchange; Cost; Benefit; Power
Family Systems Theory
Empowerment Theory
Social Exchange Theory
Emotional Intelligence
Theory
Radical-Feminist Theory
Social Network Theory
Shared Meaning; Social Reality;
Narrative; Story
James Averill’s Theory
Theories
George Mead’s Theory
Gilligan’s Theory of Moral Reasoning
Some
Techniques
You Use
with Clients
Provide Education on how
family influences
Draw Genograms that
explain how a family’s
influence is passed on to
other generations
Provide Education on how some
people are oppressed in Society (this
is also called “Raising Consciousness”
Social Action (go to marches or
demonstrations)
Try to change legislation or policy
Draw Ecomaps to explain that there
are internal and external forces that
both “cost” and “benefit” a client.
Have a client write their story on
paper.
Provide Education: Inform a client
that his “reality” is real and true;
that he does not have to pay
attention to what the dominant
culture says is “reality”
Psychodynamic
Developmental
Social
Behavioral
Humanistic
HB is motivated by a person’s
internal processes such as
conscious and unconscious
thoughts and feelings; drives and
needs. (Psychology Theory)
Conscious thoughts and Feelings
influence human behavior
Focuses on how HB changes and
stays the same across the life cycle
HB is learned as individuals interact
with their environment.
The focus is the individual’s freedom of
action and search for meaning.
(Psychology Theory)
(Psychology Theory)
(Psychology Theory)
Human development occurs in
clearly defined stages
Human behavior is learned when
individuals interact with the
environment
Unconscious thoughts influence
behavior
Each stage of life is different from
the all the others
People are more than products of their
childhoods or their unconscious (they
can not be reduced to drives, or
unconscious determinants)
Early childhood experiences
influence individuals (either good
or bad) for the remaining life.
Stages are sequential, each building
upon the earlier stage
Individuals get overwhelmed by
both internal (their own) and
external demands
Individuals use defense
mechanisms to avoid the anxiety
or getting overwhelmed.
When one moves from one to the
other, he or she makes a change in
status and role
Development is a complex
interaction of biological,
psychological and social factors
People learn the same way but if they
are in different environments, they
learn different things (different
environments produce different
human behavior)
All behavior can be unlearned (or
changed)
Human behavior is learned by
association, by reinforcement, by
imitation, and by a person’s belief or
expectation about something
People are more than what they learn
from their environment.
People are not determined by their
childhoods or environments!
Individuals have the capacity to make
choices.
Individuals have the capacity to change
themselves, even radically.
Moving throughout one’s life
involves changes in status and
roles.
Human behavioral is driven by a desire
for growth, personal meaning and
competence,
One’s development will be
influenced by historical
movements/events and social
factors.
Human Behavior is driven by a need to
experience a bond with others.
The Conscious;The Unconscious;
Innate drives; Defense Mechanisms
Life span; Life Cycle; Life Course
Classical conditioning;
Operant conditioning; Modeling;
Self-efficacy
Uniqueness’ Here and now’
Hierarchy of Needs; “Search for
Meaning”
Psychoanalytic Theory (Freud)
Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory
Social Learning Theory
Person Centered or (Carl) Rogerian
Theory
Psychodynamic-Feminist Theory
Piaget’s Cognitive Theory
Ego Psychology Theory
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral
Reasoning
Rational Emotive Theory (Albert
Ellis) – This is a Cognitive Behavioral
Theory
Existential Theory
Afrocentric Relational Theory
Object Relations Theory
Self Psychology Theory
Freud: Interpreting Dreams to try to
uncover one’s unconscious
Get on the couch and Talk nonstop
as a way to try to uncover one’s
unconscious
Interpreting what stage a client is
in.
Determining client’s irrational
thoughts
Giving a client other thoughts to use
to substitute for their irrational
thoughts
Reflective Listening