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Ecology Everything is Connected Ecology • __________the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment The environment is made up of living and non-living parts. biotic Living part = ____________ environment Made up of all the organisms that live together mushrooms, ferns, monkeys, bacteria Examples: _____________________________ abiotic Non-living part = ______________ environment Made up of all the physical factors soil, sun, water, rocks Examples: ____________________________ The Six Levels of Environmental Organization organism 1st ____________ - individual life form sea sponge, platypus, euglena Example: ______________________________ population 2nd ____________ - group of individuals of the same species that live together in the same area at the same time. hive of bees, flock of birds, colony of yeast, grove of trees Examples:__________________________ community - all of the populations of 3rd ___________ different species that live and interact together. all the populations on the prairie or wetland Examples:________________________________ ecosystem 4th _____________a community of organisms and its abiotic environment coral reef, desert Examples: __________________________ biome 5th ____________all the related ecosystems in an area rainforest, desert, grassland Example: _____________________________ biosphere 6th _____________ - the part of the Earth where life exists. Living Things Need Energy producers _____________ - make their own food plants, some bacteria, some protists examples: __________________________ consumers _____________ - obtain their energy by eating producers or other consumers herbivores - eat plants and other producers __________ deer, bison, zebras examples: ___________________________ carnivores - eat animals ______________ polar bears, T-rex, wolves examples: _________________________ omnivores ______________ - eat producers and animals squirrels, turtles, humans examples: ________________________________ scavengers ______________ - eat bodies of dead animals vulture, hyena, cockroach examples: _____________________________ decomposer - obtain their energy _____________ by breaking down the remains of dead organisms fungi, some bacteria, some protists examples: _________________________________ • We can make drawings to illustrate how energy is transferred from one living thing to another in a community. Food Chain • __________shows how the energy moves from one organism to another • Note: energy always goes in only one direction. For example, owls eat mice but mice never eat owls. Draw a food chain: Food Web • __________-all of the interconnecting pathways of food chains Energy Pyramid represents the loss of • ____________energy at each level of the food chain. • The energy levels in the pyramid are Trophic levels called ___________. • Look at the picture in your notes. Habitat and Niche Habitat • __________ - the environment in which the organism lives Niche • _________an organism’s way of life within an ecosystem, including its habitat, food, predators, competitors, abiotic factors Very Close Interactions Symbiosis __________- close, long-term relationship between two or more species Mutualism 1. ___________both organisms benefit example: Bacteria in your intestine, they get free food, you get the vitamins they produce Commensalism 2. ____________one benefits and the other is unaffected example: Remoras get a ride and eat scraps of food left over by shark 3. Parasitism ___________- one benefits and the other is harmed Example: Tapeworms The organism that has the parasite is called the host.
