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Species Interactions Review: 1. Look at the food chain above. What do the arrows represent? 2. The diagram to the right is a food web. What is the source of energy that drives this food web? 3. Which organisms are autotrophs? 4. Which organisms are herbivores? 5. Which organisms are carnivores? 6. Which organisms are decomposers? 7. The diagram below is an energy pyramid. What types of organisms would you find in level 4? In levels 3, 2 and 1? 8. Why is level 1 smaller than level 4? 9. What are the three types of data that could be used to create this type of pyramid? 10. What ecological process is represented by the diagram below? 11. What are the two forms of the process named in question 9 and what is the difference between them? 12. The table to the right describes different types of species relationships. Name each type of relationship. Hint: One of the relationships is competition the other three are types of symbiosis. 13. The graph to the left shows the population sizes of two different species. What is the name for the type of interaction illustrated in this graph? 14. What is the name for the role of an organism in the ecosystem? 15. How do species interactions affect ecosystem stability? Bio geochemical Cycles Review: 1. Look at the diagram of the Nitrogen cycle to the right. What organism (not illustrated) is responsible for processes A, B, C, and D? 2. Name process A, process B, and process D (Choices: denitrification, nitrogen fixation, and decomposition). 3. True or False. Animals and Plants can get useable nitrogen from the atmosphere. 4. Look at the cycle diagram of carbon dioxide and oxygen below. What is the name of the process that is represented by the arrow going from the biosphere (picture of rabbit, plants and decomposers) to the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? 5. What is the name of the process that is represented by the arrow that goes from the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into the trees? 6. Where is the carbon stored before it undergoes combustion? 7. Plants play an important role in the water cycle. They absorb water from the soil and release it through their leaves. What is the name of this process? 8. Which process(es) in the water cycle help to clean the air? 9. Which process(es) in the water cycle help to clean the water? 10. What is the source of energy that drives the water cycle? 11. What process releases nutrients stored in animals and plants back into the soil after the organisms have died? 12. True or False. Soil is made of both organic and inorganic material. Humans and the Environment Review: 1. What type of growth has the human population experienced over the past 200 years? 2. What are some historical factors that have led to this rapid population growth? 3. CIRCLE the things that will INCREASE with increasing population growth and UNDERLINE the things that will DECREASE with increasing population growth: Habitat destruction available clean water Need for new technologies pollution food per person 4. What is the greenhouse effect? 5. Why is the ozone layer important? deforestation competition for resources soil erosion demand for agricultural land 6. What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources? 7. Look at the diagram of the causes and effects of air pollution. Name two gases that ONLY contribute to global warming. 8. What are the sources of these two gases? 9. What two gases contribute to ozone destruction? 10. What are the sources of these two gases? Population Review: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Look at the diagram to the right. What type of growth is observed from day 3 to day 7? What type of population growth is observed when looking at the whole graph? What is the carrying capacity of this population? Look at the second graph. What does the dashed line represent? How would you describe the population’s interaction with the environment at time A? (equilibrium, chaos, exponential growth?) What is a limiting factor? CIRCLE the density INDEPENDENT factors. UNDERLINE the density DEPENDENT factors: competition disease weather Natural disaster predator/prey interactions Habitat destruction water shortage parasites crowding