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1.6-1.8 Warm-Up 1. What is a theory? 2. Explain natural selection. 3. What is an adaptation and how is it related to natural selection? 4. How does energy flow in an ecosystem? 5. How do nutrients move through an ecosystem? 1.6 Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life What is a theory? A theory in science is a comprehensive idea with broad explanatory power Why is Charles Darwin famous? The Theory of Evolution by natural selection This theory explains the diversity of life and underlying commonalities among organisms It is the central theme of Biology When does evolution occur? Evolution happens when populations of organisms with inherited variations are exposed to environmental factors that favor the success of some individuals over others English Peppered Moth How does evolution occur? What drives it? The Theory of Natural Selection is the mechanism that allows evolution to proceed How does natural selection work? natural selection is the ability to survive long enough to reproduce the survivors have adaptations (inherited traits) that help them to survive these adaptations are passed down to their offspring Natural Selection (1) Population with varied inherited traits (2) Elimination of individuals with certain traits Figure 1.6B (3) Reproduction of survivors What adaptation helps these sea horses survive? camouflage Name some adaptations of the pangolin. tough body armor with overlapping scales a long tongue to flush termites and ants out of their nests What adaptations help the orca (a mammal) survive in the water? breathes air from the top of its head through nostrils emits clicking sounds to communicate uses echoes to locate obstacles and prey 1.7 Living organisms and their environments form interconnecting webs What is a food web? a food web shows the interactions of organisms within an ecosystem it shows how energy flows through an ecosystem Autotroph vs Heterotroph an autotroph can make its own food through photosynthesis a heterotroph needs to consume food (other animals or plants) for energy and nutrients Which organisms are the ultimate source of energy? autotrophs (which include plants, some prokaryotes, and some protists) What are decomposers, and how do they fit into a food web? decomposers are prokaryotes, fungi, and small animals that feed on dead organisms they recycle dead organic matter into mineral nutrients that plants can use Matter vs Energy BIOLOGY AND EVERYDAY LIFE 1.8 Connection: Biology is connected to our lives in many ways Can you name some current issues in society that relate to Biology? Global Warming Genetic Engineering Medicine Nutrition and Exercise Endangered Species Pollution What is technology? Technology is the application of scientific knowledge Many technological advances stem from the scientific study of life Homework Packet Exercises 5-7