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Ch. 10 The Renaissance and Discovery Overview: The Italian Renaissance (1350-1550) • “rebirth”; transition from medieval to modern times – Medieval Europe (pre12th c.) – fragmented, feudal society – agricultural economy – church-dominated thought, culture – Renaissance Europe (post-14th c.) – political centralization, national feelings – urban, commercialcapitalist economy – growing lay/secular control of thought & culture • A period of artistic, cultural, and intellectual revival – Attraction to ancient cultures of Greece and Rome • Spread of humanism—a literary movement concerned with secular issues – Northern humanists—mix of religion and classical literature • Renaissance defined more by individual accomplishments than events Goals of the Renaissance • Humanism • Individualism • Secularism Defining the Renaissance • As you watch the video, assess the importance of at least 5 defining traits of this movement DQ: Italy and Renaissance • What qualities were present on the Italian peninsula that allowed for the Renaissance to emerge? • Think about SPRITED • Respond in a 6-8 sentence paragraph The Italian City-States • • • Geography—Italy center of Mediterranean trade; centers of ancient --become the middlemen of Europe Italian towns had expanded into independent city-states Urbanization—25% of Italians took part in civic culture; cities were magnets for trade, ideas, and culture The Major City-States • Florence—cultural center • Centers of trade with Far East became powerful citystates: Genoa, Venice, and Florence • Rome, Naples, and Milanmanufacturing and market centers • Italy helped the spread of ideas from different cultures Lack of Government • No central authority in Italy; allowed for city-states to be competitive • Most city-states were oligarchies – Florence was a republic • The rise of signors (tyrants) to keep city-state in order • A condottieri was the despot’s hired army used to remove any political constraints Italian Society • Emerging middle class of merchants and bankers controlled the gov’ts – Wealth based on capital and ability to lend it – New wealth led to appreciation of earthly pleasures such as art – Art did not have to be devoted to God • Wealth not based on land as in the rest of Europe • “Money is power”The world could be changed without the help of God • Secularism is born Social status • Guilds—gov’t controlled monopolies on trade—manufacturing, clothing, metalworking • Professional group—bankers, administrators, and merchants • Skilled labor—stone masons • Merchant families more powerful than landed nobility Family Structure • Patriarchalpower in the male head; children must be liberated by father before achieving autonomy • Late 20s or early 30s establish independence • Economically beneficial marriages arranged • No age discretion • Many remarriages and blended families • Italy depended on African slavery as a result of the Black Death