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The Respiratory
System
Balloon Lab
Every person has a different lung
capacity. Lung capacity, or how much
air your lungs can take in and out, is
determined by age, sex and health.
Conditions like asthma and
emphysema can decrease lung
capacity. You can increase your lung
capacity by getting plenty of aerobic
exercise and eating healthy.
Balloon Lab
Problem
How much air can each student put in a
balloon with one deep breath?
Hypothesis
Who in your class will have the highest
lung capacity?
Functions
• The respiratory system moves oxygen
from the outside environment into the
body
• It also removes carbon dioxide and
water from the body
Why do we Breathe?
• Respiration (break down of glucose for
energy) requires oxygen as a reactant
• Respiration also produces water and
carbon dioxide which can leave the
body through the lungs
The Air You Breathe
• The air you breathe comes from the
atmosphere
– 21% oxygen
– 78% nitrogen
– 1% other gases
• Your body does not use most of the air
you inhale
• What you don’t need is exhaled
The Path of Air
• Air travels in and out of the organs of
the respiratory system
– Nose
– Pharynx
– Trachea
– Bronchi
– Lungs
• Bronchioles
• Aveoli
The Path of Air
• As air moves through these organs, it
is warmed, moistened, and bacteria and
other small particles are removed
Nose and Nasal Cavity
• Air is warmed
• Air is filtered by the small hairs located
in the nose
• Mucus also traps small particles, dust,
and bacteria
The Pharynx
• The pharynx
(throat) is a long
hollow tube that
connects the nose
to the trachea
The Trachea
• The trachea, or windpipe, connects the
pharynx to the bronchi
• lined with mucus and small hairs to
help trap particles
• You can feel the ridges of the trachea
by running your finger down your neck
Bronchi
• Passages that direct air into the lungs
– Left bronchus goes to the left lung
– Right bronchus goes into the right lung
The Lungs
• The main organs of the respiratory
system that provide oxygen to the body
• The bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
are all inside the lungs
Bronchioles
• Smaller branches that come off of the
bronchi
Alveoli
• Smallest structure in the lungs
• Where gas exchange takes place
between the lungs and the blood
• Looks like a cluster of grapes
• 300 million alveoli in the lungs
Alveoli
• Just like the villi in the small intestine,
the alveoli increase surface area in the
lungs
villi
Gas Exchange
• After air enters the alveoli, oxygen
passes through the wall of the alveoli,
into the capillary that surrounds it ,
then into the artery headed to the heart
• At the same time, carbon dioxide and
water pass from the vein into the
capillary, then into the alveoli where
they are exhaled
How You Breathe
• You breathe on average 20,000 times a
day
• Breathing speeds up when you
exercise
• Breathing slows down when you are
asleep
• Both involuntary and voluntary
muscles and nervous system helps you
breathe
Speaking
• Inside your trachea are vocal cords
• Vocal cords stretch across the opening
• Your vocal cords work like the neck of
a balloon when it is stretched
• Air passes over the vocal cords,
making them vibrate which produces
sound
– Low – vocal cords contract & shorten
– High – vocal cords relax & lengthen
Body systems that work with
the respiratory system;
• Depends on the muscular system
(diaphragm) to pull air in, the
nervous systems to trigger
breathing, the circulatory system
to get the oxygen around the vody
and the digestive system to supply
energy