Download Chapter 15: Bones, Muscle, Skin Chapter 18: Respiration and

Chapter 18:
Respiration and
Excretion
Name:_________________________________________________ Pd: _________
Section 1: The Respiratory System
Vocab
1. Respiration
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2. Cilia
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3. Pharynx
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4. Trachea
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5. Bronchi
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6. Lungs
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7. Alveoli
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8. Diaphragm
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9. Larynx
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10. Vocal
Cords
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Section 1: The Respiratory System
Notes
The Respiratory System
» Functions:
» Moves __________ from the outside environment into the body
» Removes ________________ and ________________ from the body
Why the Body Needs Oxygen
» The process by which cells beak down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain =
________________________ (cellular)
» Respiration requires _____________________
» Bringing ___________ into your lungs is also called respiration (breathing)
The Air You Breathe
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~___% of the air you breathe is O2
~___% is Nitrogen
The remaining ___% is CO2, Helium, and other gases
Most of the air you breathe goes back into the atmosphere when you __________.
The Path of Air
As air travels from the outside environment to the lungs, it passes through the following organs:
____________, _______________, _______________, and _________________
The Nose
» Air enters through the __________________
» Then moves into the nasal _____________________
» The air is warmed and mucus traps __________ and
___________________
» ______________ sweeps the mucus into the stomach
where any bacteria is destroyed
» Sometimes the particles irritate your nose causing
you to ____________________.
The Pharynx
» Also known as the ___________________
» Is also part of the ________________ system
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The Trachea
» Also known as the ___________________
» Also lined with cilia and mucus to trap ____________ and ___________________
» Normally only ______________, not food, enters the trachea
The Bronchi and Lungs
» Passages that direct air into the lungs =
___________________
» The main organs of the respiratory system =
___________________
» Tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement
of gases between air and blood = __________________
Gas Exchange
» After air enters alveoli, ___________ passes through the
wall of the alveoli
» O2 then passes through capillary wall into
______________________
» CO2 and H2O pass from blood into alveoli
How You Breathe
» ___________________ – muscle that controls breathing
» The diaphragm ________________, you inhale
» The diaphragm ____________________, you exhale
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How You Speak
» _________________ – (voice box) located in the top part of the trachea
» Two folds of connective tissue stretch across the opening of the larynx – ____________ _____________
» Vocal produce your ________________
How Vocal Cords work
» When vocal cords ______________, the opening closes
» ____________ rushing through the contracted vocal cords causes your voice
High and Low
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Tones
Low and high tones depend on how ___________________ your vocal cords are
Short cords = _______________ tones
Longer cords = ______________ tones
Length changes as you grow, that’s why your voice gets _______________ as you get older
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Section 3: The Excretory System
Vocab
1. Excretion
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2. Urea
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3. Kidney
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4. Urine
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5. Ureters
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6. Urinary
Bladder
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7. Urethra
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8. Nephron
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Section 3: The Excretory System
Notes
The Excretory System:
Functions:
o Collects ______________ produced by cells
o __________________ the wastes from the body
The Kidneys:
The process of removing waste = _________________
The major organs of the excretory system = ________________
Chemical that comes from the breakdown of protein =
_______________
Watery fluid produced by kidneys = _______________
Narrow tubes that connect kidneys and urinary bladder =
___________________
Ureters carry the urine to the ____________ _______________
Urinary bladder ______________ urine
When the bladder is full, urine leaves the body through the
__________________
The Filtering Process:
Tiny structures that remove wastes from blood and produce urine = ________________
First step: wastes and needed materials (ex: glucose) are removed from the blood
Later much of the needed material is returned to the blood
Water Balance in the Body:
To maintain proper water balance you need to take at least 2 liters of water every day.
You can either:
o Drink plenty of ______________ –oro Eat _____________ high in water content (apples)
Other Organs of Excretion:
Lungs
o _______ and ___________
Skin
o _____________________ contains chemical wastes
Liver
o ____________________ urea
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