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Bacteria 2 Kingdoms of Bacteria • • • • Kingdom Archaebacteria Ancient Bacteria Oldest living cells on Earth Can’t survive in oxygen Extreme EnvironmentsVolcanoes, Hot Springs, Salt-Water • • • • • Kingdom Bacteria True Bacteria Single Celled No Nucleus or Organelle DNA- 1 Strand -turns on and off Microscopic Parts of a Bacteria Cell • Flagella- tail like structure used for movement. • Chromosomes & DNAstores hereditary information. • Cell Wall- protection Shapes of Bacteria • Cocci- round • Bacilli- oval shaped • Spirilla- long and skinny Combinations of Shapes 1. Strepto- Chains 2. Staph- Clusters Bacteria Cell Reproduction • Binary Fission- division of bacteria by splitting into 2 identical cells from 1 parent cell. • Asexual Reproduction Helpful Bacteria 1. Food- develops acids to turn into different tastes and smells. - Ex. Cheese, Sauerkraut, Vinegar, Yogurt *Pasteurization- Louis Pasteur, heating to high temps and cooling slowing bacteria growth. 2. Aids Animal Digestion (Symbiosis) – Bacteria gets food and shelter – Helps animals break down plant sugars Helpful Bacteria Continued 3. Enhances Plant Growth- takes nitrogen from the air and brings it into the soil. 4. Industry - Alcohol- Fermentation Process (acetone) - Oil Eating- Used to clean oil spills. 5. Genetic Engineering - Insulin Harmful Bacteria 1. Disease Causing Examples -MRSA -Meningitis -Infections - Tuberculosis - Bubonic Plague - Salmonella - E. coli 2. Causes Food Spoilage Controlling Bacteria 1. Cold TemperaturesRefrigerator/ Freezer Killing Bacteria 1. Disinfectant- chemicals 2. Fire 2. Salt- removes moisture 3. Sterilization- Boiling water 3. Petri Dish 4. Antibodies Antibiotic Resistance • Antibiotic- chemicals used to kill microorganisms. • Examples - Penicillin - Streptomycin - Augmentin - Ampicillin - Bacitracin • Antibiotic Resistanceability of a bacteria to tolerate antibiotics.