Download Chapter 24: The Solar System Study Guide

Chapter 24: The Solar System Study Guide Science
How should I study for the Chapter 24 Science Test?
_____1) Highlight and review key concepts on this study guide
_____2) Print out extra copies of the study guide at home and try filling it out
again as a way to quiz yourself
_____3) Use Quizlet to make cards/games for difficult terms
_____4) Have a friend/someone at home quiz you on the main ideas on the
section reviews
_____5) Take self-check quizzes on the textbook website: (link to textbook
site on Mrs. Seifert’s webpage…then click on Chapter 24…then
“Self-Check Quizzes”)
What should I do if I still need help?
_____1) Come before/after school for extra help with Mrs. Wowkun/Dr.
Browning or Mrs. Seifert
Happy Studying!!
“Genius is one percent inspiration and
ninety-nine percent perspiration.”
~Thomas Alva Edison
Chapter 24: The Solar System Study Guide Science
24-1: Formation of the Solar System (Use textbook pages 690-694 and Foldable)
1. Beliefs about the solar system have changed over time, but we now know that our solar system
includes:
____________
_____________ _____________
___________ __________ like asteroids
2. List the planets in order from closest to the Sun, to the farthest:
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
3. Most scientists agree that the solar system formed according to the ______________ __________
a. First, a ____________ (huge cloud) of gas, ice, and dust slowly formed in space
b. Then, this cloud of material slowly __________ in space, ___________, became more
_________, and formed a _________.
c. As the cloud contracted, it grew warmer, triggering a ___________ __________ reaction that
created the Sun.
d. Leftover ____________ became the planets and asteroids.
i. First four ___________ planets – small and rocky with iron cores.
ii. Last four ___________ planets – large and lightweight
4. Regarding the motions of the planets, Johannes Kepler discovered that:
a. The planets’ orbits are slightly eccentric ____________.
b. The sun is at the ___________ of the orbits, but is slightly offset
c. Planets do not orbit the Sun at the same _____________.
i. Planets closer to the Sun travel _____________ than planets farther away from the Sun.
Word Bank:
center contracted
dense
disk
eight planets
elliptical
faster
inner
matter
Nebula
Nebular Theory
nuclear fusion
Outer
Rotated
small objects
speed
Sun
Chapter 24: The Solar System Study Guide Science
24-2: The Inner Planets (Use textbook pages 696-701 and Foldable)
Venus
Mercury
Inner Planets
Question
1. What are the inner planets also known as?
2. Do the inner planets take more or less time than the outer planets
to orbit the Sun?
3. Mercury has no atmosphere. What kind of effect does this have
on its temperatures?
4. How many moons does Mercury have?
5. Similar to Earth’s Moon, what does Mercury have a lot of on its
surface?
6. Venus has a thick atmosphere. What kind of gas is heavily present
in its clouds?
7. Venus’s atmosphere causes a greenhouse effect, which results in
what kind of temperatures?
8. How many moons does Venus have?
9. How do the mass and size of Venus compare to that of Earth?
Earth
10. How far, in Astronomical Units, is Earth from the Sun?
11. What exits in solid, liquid, and gas forms and covers over 70% of
the Earth’s surface?
12. What is Mars also known as?
13. How many moons does Mars have?
Mars
14. What causes Mars to appear reddish-yellow?
15. What is the temperature of Mars compared to Earth?
16. What physical feature does Mars have that is the largest in the
solar system?
17. What is the atmosphere of Mars like compared to Earth’s?
Answer
Chapter 24: The Solar System Study Guide Science
24-2: The Inner Planets (Try to complete this page without your notes)
Identify whether each statement is True or False. If it is false, fix the underlined word(s) to make it true.
True or False
Statement
1. The inner planets are also known as gas giants.
2. It takes the inner planets less time to orbit the Earth than it takes the outer
planets.
3. Mercury’s lack of an atmosphere causes it to experience extreme day and
night temperatures.
4. Mercury has two moons.
5. Mercury has many craters on its surface.
6. Venus has a thin atmosphere and a lot of carbon dioxide in its clouds.
7. Venus’s atmosphere causes a greenhouse effect, which results in very hot
temperatures.
8. Venus has two moons.
9. The mass and size of Venus are much larger than that of Earth.
10. The Earth is 100 Astronomical Units away from the Sun.
11. Water covers over 70% of the Earth’s surface.
12. Mars is also known as the blue planet.
13. Mars has two moons.
14. Mars appears red because of the iron oxide in its soil.
15. Mars is much hotter than Earth.
16. Mars has the largest lake in the solar system.
17. The atmosphere of Mars is thicker than that of Earth’s.
Chapter 24: The Solar System Study Guide Science
Outer
Planets
24-3: The Outer Planets (Use textbook pages 702-707 and Foldable)
Question
1. What are the outer planets also known as?
2. What do all of the outer planets lack?
3. Name 4 largest of Jupiter’s 61 moons.
4. Which is the largest?
5. What is unique about Gannymede?
6. What might Europa have under its thick layer of ice?
Uranus
Saturn
Jupiter
7. What is the name of Jupiter’s most spectacular highpressure, swirling gas storm?
8. What is Jupiter’s atmosphere primarily made from?
9. What is believed to exist below Jupiter’s
atmosphere?
10. What are Saturn’s rings composed of?
11. How many moons does Saturn have?
12. Which is the largest?
13. What is unique about Uranus’s axis of rotation?
14. What element in Uranus’s atmosphere give it a
bluish color?
15. How many satellites does Uranus have?
Ceres
Pluto
Neptune
16. What do scientists know about why the Great Dark
Spot on Neptune continually disappears and then
reappears?
17. Which spacecraft has passed by and obtained
information on both Uranus and Neptune?
18. Similar in many ways to Uranus, what color is
Neptune?
Dwarf Planets
19. How many moons orbit Pluto?
20. What is the name of the region beyond Neptune in
which Pluto exists?
21. How does the size of Ceres compare to other objects
in the asteroid belt?
Eris
22. How does the size of Eris compare to Pluto?
23. How many moons does Eris have?
Answer
Chapter 24: The Solar System Study Guide Science
Review of the Solar System
How Planets Move:
 ______________ - the amount of time it takes a planet to orbit around the Sun
 ______________ – the amount of time it takes a planet to turn on its axis
 Planets orbit around the Sun due to two forces: ____________ and __________.
All of the Major Planets:
 Are ________________ in shape.
 _________ the sun in about the same plane
 Do not share their orbit with other _____________.
Moons:
 Not all of the major planets have moons
 The moons of planets are called ________________.
 there are over _______ moons in our solar system
Planet Sun Distances
 Draw a simple graph to show how the distance a planet is from the sun effects its average
temperature.

Draw a simple graph to show how the distance a planet is from the sun effects the time it takes for the
planet to orbit the sun once.
Word Bank:
gravity
inertia
objects
orbit
Satellites
Spherical
Revolution
150
Diagram of Solar System: Label Sun, each of the eight planets, asteroid belt
Rotation
Chapter 24: The Solar System Study Guide Science
24-4: Other Objects in the Solar System (Use textbook pages 710-713 and Foldable)
Comets
 A __________ is a chunk of ice, dust, and rock that moves around the _______ in an extremely
__________ orbit.
 Tail: __________________________________________________________________
 Coma: __________________________________________________________________
 Nucleus: __________________________________________________________________
 Label the parts of a comet: tail, coma, nucleus
Insert diagram of comet parts here
o In what direction does the comet tail point in relation to the Sun?



____________ comet orbits close the Earth every _______ years
_________ ________ – large group (billions) of comets surrounding solar system beyond Pluto
Comet tails point away from the Sun
Meteors, Meteoroids, and Meteorites
 Made of small pieces of the old comet’s __________________.
 Meteor –

Meteoroid –

Meteorites –
Asteroids
 Most asteroids lie in an asteroid belt located between ____________ and ______________
 Asteroids are clumps of ____________ that range in size from very tiny to _________ km in diameter
Word Bank:
comet
Sun
Halley’s
76
940
ellipses
matter
Nucleus
Meteor
Meteoroid
Meteorite
Mars
Jupiter
Oort Cloud
Diagram of Meteors, Meteorites, Meteoroids here
Chapter 24: The Solar System Study Guide Science
Chapter 25-2: The Sun (Use textbook pages 729-732 and Foldable)

The Sun is the _________ of the solar system

The Sun produced energy by fusing ____________ into _________ in its core.
Define each of the features of the Sun:
 Sunspots

Core

Chromosphere

Photosphere

Prominence

Corona
Label the following parts of the diagram below:
Sunspots, core, chromosphere, photosphere, prominence, corona, photosphere