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Name ____________________________________ Period _____ Date _____________________ Protein Synthesis Notes DNA makes RNA makes Protein 1) RNA stands for ___ ibo ____ ucleic ___cid 2) RNA is a nucleic acid the same as DNA except a) RNA sugar is _______________ not Deoxyribose (RNA has _____________) b) RNA uses _____________ instead of Thymine so uracil pairs with ________ U - A c) RNA is a ______________ strand, DNA is a double strand (helix) 3) There are 3 types of RNA ____________________RNA (mRNA) A copy of the DNA brought to cell ____________________RNA (tRNA) Brings amino acids to the ribosome ____________________RNA (rRNA) forms ribosomes 4) Central Dogma _______ makes ________ which makes _________ All life depends on this process 5) Proteins are what form all _____________ of the body and all life Ex. Muscles, skin, _____________ and _____________________ 6) Enzymes are also proteins - Proteins are needed in all ____________ functions. ____________ are even needed in the process of making other proteins 7) Proteins are made of chains of ___________ ___________ 8) Peptide bonds Connect amino acids into _________________ Bonds form by dehydration synthesis – _____________ removed during bond formation 9) Proteins form complex 3-D structure Primary structure – the ________________ chain Secondary structure –helix and pleats Tertiary structure – Other _________ bonds form 3D 10) Protein size - Most proteins are hundreds of amino acids World’s smallest known protein is Trp-cage mini protein has only ______amino acids, but has a stable structure Found in saliva of Gila monsters 11) Steps to make a protein: 1st – Transcription – An __________ copy of DNA is made in the Nucleus 2nd – Translation – A ______________ reads the mRNA and assembles the protein 12) Transcription – An RNA copy of __________ is made like a recording is transcribed into text 13)Transcription occurs in the nucleus a) DNA opens up in one section b) Using enzymes, a complimentary mRNA copy is made from only one side of the DNA called the _________________ c) Pairing A -_____ C - _____ d) Note: all types of RNA are made in nucleus 14)mRNA is only a ___________ strand of nucleotides After forming: mRNA is ___________ (parts added and removed) mRNA leaves the _____________ 15)Translation – The mRNA copy is read by a ____________ and translated into a protein a) Occurs in ______________ b) Like a speech is translated into sign language 16)Ribosomes - Are made of __________ and protein a. Ribosomes read the mRNA b. 2 parts clamp down on mRNA c. Ribosomes find the proper ________ with matching amino acid 17) 3 letter code Each amino acid has a __________ code DNA has a 3 letter code it transfers to mRNA Codon – The code on ________ Anticodon – The code on _______ that matches opposite to the codon tRNA – A clover leaf structure that carries an _________ _______ to the ribosome 18)Example of base pairing. Note: U substitutes for T in all RNA DNA code ___ ___ ___ mRNA: Codon = ___ ___ ___ tRNA: Anticodon = ___ ___ ___ 19) To begin translation, Proteins help ribosome find the _______ codon AUG = start codon 20) Each codon is read by ribosome _______ at a time As each codon is read, one _______ ________ is brought by tRNA 21)Transfer RNA - Carry ____ amino acid each Each has an ________, __________ matching the codon on mRNA 22)Stop Codon - Ends the protein. There are ____ stop codes