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Protein Synthesis How’d you do? Nucleus • Part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction. • In eukaryotic cells, the DNA never leaves the nucleus. • To make proteins, the information from DNA is copied, and that copy leaves to assemble the protein. Ribosome • Part of the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein. • The ribosome is where the mRNA and tRNA meet. • The mRNA brings the information for the right sequence of amino acids. • The tRNA brings the amino acids. DNA • Nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose. • DNA has the bases A, T, C, and G. • DNA is double stranded and contains over 20,000 genes. • Each gene is responsible for making one protein. Transcription • Process where an mRNA copy of one side of a DNA gene is made in the nucleus. • To make one protein, one copy of one gene is made in the form of mRNA. • DNA is copied into mRNA to transport the message. Messenger RNA • Type of RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message to the ribosome. • This copy holds the original base sequence from DNA (except T’s are switched to U’s) that will make the correct protein. • Each 3-base sequence, called a Codon, will attract a specific amino acid. Translation • Process where proteins are assembled on the ribosome. • The cell is literally “translating” from the language of bases to the language of amino acids. • mRNA brings the bases, tRNA brings the amino acids, and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) makes sure the two communicate properly. Transfer RNA • Type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis. • On one side is a three base sequence (an Anticodon) that’s the exact opposite of the mRNA Codon it’s supposed to match with. • On the other side is a very specific amino acid. • When the Anticodon matches with the mRNA Codon, the amino acid is now placed in that position, as well! Practice these on quizlet! • http://quizlet.com/_65rja