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CLASSICAL GREECE THE GOLDEN AGE End of the Persian wars brought the liberation of the Ionian citystates. The Golden Age 480 – 380 BCE Dawn of a great age in Ancient Greek history Achievements (mostly from Athens) - thinkers, poets, artists Contacts with the Egyptians & Persians inspired the arts and sciences – new curiosity about the world. The Golden Age of Greece Centred in Athens The principal polis of Attica Walled city Athens became a prosperous, commercial city & a great cultural centre. The most democratic government Control over the Delian League. 150 city-states at its peak To be part of the League a city had to give money, men or ships to a common defence fund. The Golden Age of Greece Sparta The principal polis of Laconia in the Peloponnese Un-walled city The only polis with a standing army of professional soldiers. Ruled by a small group of powerful aristocrats Didn’t participate in colonization; expanded in the Peloponnese and dominated there Peloponnesian Wars 431 to 404 BEC Great rivalry between Athens and Sparta Peloponnesian War lasted 27 years – costly & bitter. The Peloponnesian Wars After many years of growth for Greece, especially Athens, the region split into two powerful groups: The Peloponnesian League lead by Sparta The Delian League lead by Athens Ultimately Sparta will be victorious Peloponnesian War Athens Strength = NAVY Blocked the towns of Peloponnese with their ships Pericles used forces to guard walls & surrounding Athens Ordered all Athenians to move inside the walls for protection. Too many people, poor hygiene Plague struck killing 1/3 of people, including leader, Pericles Peloponnesian War Sparta Strength=LAND ARMY Blocked port of Athens Marched into Attica – no grain Athenians near starvation - ended fighting burning farms and villages Allied themselves with Persia (their enemy in the Persian wars) The Effects of an Athenian Defeat Sparta’s Allies wanted to destroy Athens and sell its citizens into slavery, but Sparta disagreed. Athens was forced to surrender its empire and all of its fleet. Spartans tore down the long city walls. In the years to come, the Greek city-states struggled incessantly for power. Sparta… Thebes… Macedonia. This weakened all city states Philip II Conquers Greece Meanwhile in Macedonia Philip II unifies the tribes under himself and looks to expand his kingdom Due to a leaderless Greece Philip is able to march into Greece and conquer one Polis at a time. HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=QMKVSASZIM