Download 2017 Unit 14 Practice Test C - Lewis

2017 Unit 14 Practice Test C
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the
impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior is called
a. the bystander effect.
b. the fundamental attribution error.
c. deindividuation.
d. ingroup bias.
e. the mere exposure effect.
____
2. Students who were told that a young woman had been instructed to act in a very unfriendly way for
the purposes of the experiment concluded that her behavior
a. reflected her personal disposition.
b. was situationally determined.
c. demonstrated role-playing.
d. illustrated normative social influence.
e. was the product of deindividuation.
____
3. Rhonda has just learned that her neighbor Patricia was involved in an automobile accident at a
nearby intersection. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error may lead Rhonda to
conclude
a. “Patricia's recklessness has finally gotten her into trouble. ”
b. “Patricia's brakes must have failed. ”
c. “They need to improve the visibility at that corner.”
d. “Patricia's children probably distracted her.”
e. “The road must have been wet and slippery.”
____
4. How does our explanation of strangers' behavior differ from that of our own behavior?
a. We explain strangers' behavior in terms of informational influence and our own
b.
c.
d.
e.
____
behavior in terms of normative influence.
We explain strangers' behavior in terms of situational constraints and our own
behavior in terms of personality traits.
We explain strangers' behavior in terms of environmental influences and our own
behavior in terms of hereditary influences.
We explain strangers' behavior in terms of normative influence and our own
behavior in terms of informational influence.
We explain strangers' behavior in terms of personality traits and our own behavior
in terms of situational constraints.
5. Freire did very poorly on his last arithmetic test. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution
error might lead his sixth-grade teacher to conclude that Freire did poorly because
a. he is unmotivated to do well in school.
b. the test covered material that had not been adequately covered in class.
c. his parents had an argument the evening before the test.
d. he was not given enough time to complete the test.
e. he was tired and didn't try very hard on the test.
____
6. One explanation for the fundamental attribution error involves observers'
a. diffusion of responsibility.
b. limited visual perspective.
c. social-responsibility norm.
d. mirror-image perceptions.
e. scapegoat theory.
____
7. Our explanations of our own admirable actions are ________ likely to involve situational
attributions than our explanations of our own shameful actions. Our explanations of our own actions
performed long ago are ________ likely to involve dispositional attributions than our explanations
of our own very recent actions.
a. equally; less
b. more; more
c. less; more
d. more; equally
e. more; less
____
8. In explaining our own behavior or the behavior of those we know well, we often resort to
a. deindividuation.
b. social facilitation.
c. social loafing.
d. situational attributions.
e. self-disclosure theory.
____
9. Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior.
a. norms and roles
b. superordinate goals
c. belief-based feelings
d. dispositional attributions
e. mirror-image perceptions
____ 10. Opinion change resulting from incidental cues such as a speaker's attractiveness illustrates
a. informational social influence.
b. peripheral route persuasion.
c. superordinate goals.
d. social facilitation.
e. central route persuasion.
____ 11. In the years immediately following the introduction of school desegregation in the United States and
the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, White Americans expressed diminishing racial
prejudice. According to the text author, this best illustrated the impact of
a. groupthink on deindividuation.
b. actions on attitudes.
c. bystanders on altruism.
d. group polarization on stereotypes.
e. obedience on conformity.
____ 12. Studies of role-playing most directly highlight the effects of
a. group size on social loafing.
b. personal anonymity on deindividuation.
c. an audience on social facilitation.
d. actions on attitudes.
e. bystanders on altruism.
____ 13. The participants in Philip Zimbardo's simulated prison study
a. were assigned the roles of prisoner or guard on the basis of their personality test
scores.
b. found it very difficult to play the role of prison guard.
c. were so endangered by their role-playing experience that the study was
discontinued.
d. became a cohesive unit when they pursued superordinate goals.
e. were selectively chosen in order to maximize their effectiveness as prisoners or
guards.
____ 14. Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. group polarization.
c. the fundamental attribution error.
d. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
e. the bystander effect.
____ 15. The chameleon effect involves
a. scapegoating.
b. automatic mimicry.
c. cognitive dissonance.
d. the fundamental attribution error.
e. social facilitation.
____ 16. Just hearing someone reading a neutral text in a sad voice creates “mood contagion” in listeners.
This best illustrates
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. the bystander effect.
c. the chameleon effect.
d. ingroup bias.
e. self-disclosure.
____ 17. If a cluster of people stand gazing upward, passersby will often pause to do likewise. This best
illustrates
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. the bystander effect.
c. social loafing.
d. the chameleon effect.
e. social facilitation.
____ 18. If one student in a classroom begins to cough, others are likely to do the same. This best illustrates
a. deindividuation.
b. ingroup bias.
c. the mere exposure effect.
d. the bystander effect.
e. the chameleon effect.
____ 19. Mr. Maslova attends faculty meetings simply to gain the approval of the school principal. Mr.
Maslova's behavior exemplifies the importance of
a. ingroup bias.
b. informational social influence.
c. social facilitation.
d. normative social influence.
e. deindividuation.
____ 20. After hearing respected medical authorities lecture about the value of regular exercise, Raul, who has
rarely exercised, begins to jog regularly. The change in Raul's behavior best illustrates the impact of
a. normative social influence.
b. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
c. social facilitation.
d. the mere exposure effect.
e. informational social influence.
____ 21. Conformity resulting from the acceptance of others' opinions about reality is said to be a response to
a. group polarization.
b. social facilitation.
c. informational social influence.
d. normative social influence.
e. deindividuation.
____ 22. The value of social conformity is most likely to be emphasized in
a. England.
b. France.
c. Japan.
d. the United States.
e. Canada.
____ 23. In Milgram's first study of obedience, the majority of “teachers” who were ordered to shock a
“learner”
a. refused to deliver even slight levels of shock.
b. initially complied but refused to deliver more than slight levels of shock.
c. complied until ordered to deliver intense levels of shock.
d. complied fully and delivered the highest level of shock.
e. refused to deliver shocks to all participants who expressed doubt about the
experiment.
____ 24. Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment
because
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the “learners” made so few learning errors under stressful circumstances.
the “teachers” actually enjoyed shocking another person.
the “teachers” were more obedient than most people would have predicted.
the “learners” obediently accepted painful shocks without any protest.
the “teachers” so often refused to administer shocks.
____ 25. In Milgram's obedience experiments, “teachers” exhibited a somewhat lower level of compliance
with an experimenter's orders when
a. the experiment was not associated with a prestigious institution like Yale
University.
b. the “learner” complained of a slight heart condition just before the experiment
began.
c. the “learner” screamed as the shocks became more punishing.
d. the “learner” was in another room where his physical well-being couldn't be
observed by the “teacher.”
e. the “teacher” was instructed to administer the learning test and someone else was
asked to shock the “learner.”
____ 26. Social facilitation refers to the tendency to
a. neglect critical thinking because of a strong desire for social harmony within a
b.
c.
d.
e.
group.
perform well-learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others.
experience an increasing attraction to novel stimuli as they become more familiar.
lose self-restraint in group situations that foster anonymity.
comply with a large request if one has previously complied with a small request.
____ 27. Norman Triplett observed that adolescents wound a fishing reel faster in the presence of someone
working simultaneously on the same task. This best illustrates
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. the bystander effect.
c. social facilitation.
d. group polarization.
e. deindividuation.
____ 28. On which of the following tasks would the presence of observers be LEAST likely to lead to better
and faster performance?
a. raking leaves
b. washing dishes
c. bicycle racing
d. reciting the alphabet
e. solving a crossword puzzle
____ 29. After a light turns green, drivers take about 15 percent less time to travel the first 100 yards when
another car is beside them at the intersection than when they are alone. This best illustrates
a. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
b. the mere exposure effect.
c. the bystander effect.
d. social facilitation.
e. a situational attribution.
____ 30. The presence of others does not always lead to social facilitation because
a. an increasing familiarity with novel stimuli facilitates liking.
b. the loss of self-restraint often accompanies arousal and anonymity.
c. one's focus of attention shifts when playing the role of actor rather than observer.
d. arousal encourages performance of the most likely response.
e. group discussion enhances whatever attitude is initially dominant in the group.
____ 31. The tendency for people to exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts toward a common
goal is known as
a. deindividuation.
b. the bystander effect.
c. group polarization.
d. social loafing.
e. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
____ 32. Blindfolded subjects were observed to clap louder when they thought they were clapping alone than
when they thought they were clapping with others. This best illustrates
a. the bystander effect.
b. the mere exposure effect.
c. social loafing.
d. group polarization.
e. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
____ 33. Social loafing is MOST likely to occur among
a. audience members who are asked to applaud after a speaker is introduced.
b. factory workers paid on the basis of individual level of productivity.
c. a group of runners competing for first place in a race.
d. students who are each assigned a different topic for their course term papers.
e. children at a party all trying to break a piñata in order to get candy.
____ 34. Class members are asked to work cooperatively in groups on major course papers. Every member of
a group is to receive exactly the same grade based on the quality of the group's paper. This situation
is most likely to lead to
a. social loafing.
b. social facilitation.
c. deindividuation.
d. the bystander effect.
e. the fundamental attribution error.
____ 35. Social loafing has been found to be especially noticeable among
a. women in cultures that value collectivism.
b. women in cultures that value individualism.
c. men in cultures that value collectivism.
d. men in cultures that value individualism.
e. both men and women in cultures that value collectivism.
____ 36. When New York University women were dressed in Ku Klux Klan-style hoods, they demonstrated
significantly more aggression. This finding is best explained in terms of
a. social facilitation.
b. modeling.
c. groupthink.
d. deindividuation.
e. ingroup bias.
____ 37. The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through group discussion is called
a. group polarization.
b. social facilitation.
c. ingroup bias.
d. the mere exposure effect.
e. central route persuasion.
____ 38. Group polarization is most likely to occur in a group in which
a. little communication is possible.
b. individuals share a similar opinion.
c. each individual has a unique perspective.
d. individuals have not formed any opinion.
e. diverse opinions are shared.
____ 39. Which of the following comments is most likely to be made in a group characterized by groupthink?
a. “To proceed democratically, we need to know the honest opinions of all group
members.”
b. “We all seem to be in basic agreement, so there's no sense in continuing our
discussion of this issue. ”
c. “Do any of you see any potential problem with our group's position?”
d. “As a group, we have to think carefully about all the pros and cons surrounding
this issue. ”
e. “Let's research the opposing sides of the issue so that we know we're making an
educated decision as a group.”
____ 40. The NASA executive who made the final decision to launch the space shuttle Challenger was
shielded from information and dissenting views that might have led to a delay of the tragic launch.
This best illustrates the dangers of
a. social facilitation.
b. deindividuation.
c. the mere exposure effect.
d. groupthink.
e. the bystander effect.
____ 41. Cultural diversity best illustrates our
a. superordinate goals.
b. gene complexes.
c. attributions.
d. adaptive capacities.
e. group polarization.
____ 42. By inventing customs and passing them on to their peers and offspring, chimpanzees exhibit the
rudiments of
a. groupthink.
b. culture.
c. personal space.
d. ingroup bias.
e. conditioning.
____ 43. The invention and transmission of dating and courtship customs best illustrate
a. personal space.
b. cultural influence.
c. the priming process.
d. the reciprocity norm.
e. self-disclosure.
____ 44. People are most likely to notice the impact of environmental influences on behavior when
confronted by
a. identical twins.
b. social scripts.
c. cultural diversity.
d. the social-responsibility norm.
e. the other-race effect.
____ 45. The rules of a culture for accepted and expected behavior are
a. stereotypes.
b. norms.
c. self-disclosure.
d. attitudes.
e. prejudice.
____ 46. Those who study cultural influences on behavior are most likely to highlight the importance of
a. natural selection.
b. temperament.
c. the mere exposure effect.
d. norms.
e. collectivism.
____ 47. Since 1960, Americans have experienced a(n)
a. increase in the incidence of depression and a decrease in marriage rates.
b. decrease in the incidence of anxiety disorders and an increase in work hours.
c. increase in the incidence of depression and an increase in work hours.
d. decrease in the incidence of depression and a decrease in work hours.
e. increase in the incidence of anxiety disorders and a decrease in marriage rates.
____ 48. Research indicates that minorities are most influential when they
a. argue positions widely divergent from those of the majority.
b. make use of emotional rather than logical appeals.
c. acknowledge the wisdom of the majority position.
d. unswervingly hold to their own position.
e. pretend to agree with the majority opinions.
____ 49. Arturo believes that most young women from California are extremely good looking and that
extremely good-looking women are usually selfish and egotistical. His beliefs are examples of
a. stereotypes.
b. mirror-image perceptions.
c. sexual discrimination.
d. ingroup bias.
e. deindividuation.
____ 50. In several U.S. states where Black motorists are a minority of the drivers and speeders on interstate
highways, they have been the majority of those stopped and searched by police. This best illustrates
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. the reciprocity norm.
c. overt prejudice.
d. the bystander effect.
e. overt deindividuation.
____ 51. People may unconsciously harbor negative racial associations. This best illustrate the subtle nature
of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
reciprocity norms.
subordinate goals.
social traps.
implicit attitudes.
confirmation biases.
____ 52. Studies of implicit attitudes indicate that prejudice is often
a. triggered by deindividuation.
b. a response to frustration.
c. unconscious.
d. unlearned.
e. conditioned.
____ 53. Prejudice can be not only subtle but also automatic and unconscious. This is best illustrated in
studies of
a. deindividuation.
b. implicit attitudes.
c. group polarization.
d. mirror-image perceptions.
e. obedience.
____ 54. If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertive and bold as “strong” when the
words are associated with female faces rather than with male faces, this would be considered to illustrate
a. deindividuation.
b. implicit prejudice.
c. cognitive dissonance.
d. the fundamental attribution error.
e. a social trap.
____ 55. At a conscious level, Aaron doesn't think he's prejudiced. Yet he automatically feels uncomfortable
in situations where he has to interact with people of different races from his own. Aaron's experience
best illustrates the distinction between
a. equity and self-disclosure.
b. situational and dispositional attributions.
c. explicit and implicit attitudes.
d. normative and informational social influence.
e. social facilitation and social loafing.
____ 56. In one experiment, White respondents typically took longer to identify words such as peace and
paradise as “good” when the words were associated with Black-sounding names rather than Whitesounding names. This best illustrated
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. the other-race effect.
c. mirror-image perceptions.
d. implicit prejudice.
e. cognitive dissonance theory.
____ 57. Priming people with a flashed Black face rather than a flashed White face makes them more likely to
misperceive a flashed tool as a gun. This best illustrates the subtle character of
a. ingroup bias.
b. deindividuation.
c. implicit racial associations.
d. the fundamental attribution error.
e. the other-race effect.
____ 58. In one study, researchers found that police officers judge Black faces that appear more typical of
their race to be more
a. childlike.
b. unattractive.
c. familiar.
d. criminal.
e. altruistic.
____ 59. Instant responses to viewing White and Black faces may include activation of the amygdala.
Research has suggested that this indicates
a. cognitive dissonance.
b. the mere exposure effect.
c. implicit prejudice.
d. the other-race effect.
e. long-term potentiation.
____ 60. Government officials who emphasize that African-Americans are personally responsible for the
economically disadvantaged position of their ethnic group are most likely to promote
a. deindividuation.
b. mirror-image perceptions.
c. the social responsibility norm.
d. prejudice.
e. conciliation.
____ 61. Ingroup bias best illustrates the impact of our ________ on prejudice.
a. superordinate goals
b. social identities
c. deindividuation
d. reciprocity norms
e. social traps
____ 62. During a Girl Scout picnic, Lavinia was randomly selected to be on one baseball team and Carla on
the opposing team. Before the game started, Lavinia and Carla were each convinced that their own
team was the better one. The girls' beliefs best illustrate
a. the fundamental attribution error.
b. deindividuation.
c. the reciprocity norm.
d. the mere exposure effect.
e. ingroup bias.
____ 63. Facing the threat of death at the hands of terrorists is likely to heighten
a. deindividuation.
b. social loafing.
c. patriotism.
d. equity.
e. altruism.
____ 64. According to the scapegoat theory, prejudice is likely to result from
a. stereotypes.
b. the just-world phenomenon.
c. ingroup bias.
d. frustration.
e. self-serving bias.
____ 65. The tendency to categorize people on the basis of their gender is most likely to lead Jack to believe
that
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
women all have pretty much the same attitudes about sex.
women seem to be unpredictable, because no two are alike.
most men tend to be logical and emotionally controlled.
in contrast to women, men have very similar tastes in dress and fashion.
women tend to act on ingroup bias, while men tend to act on outgroup bias.
____ 66. The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races is called
a. ingroup bias.
b. the other-race effect.
c. deindividuation.
d. the mere exposure effect.
e. mirror-image perception.
____ 67. The longer Chinese people have resided in a Western country, the less they exhibit
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
social loafing.
self-disclosure.
the other-race effect.
the fundamental attribution error.
normative social influences.
____ 68. A vivid example of a North Korean's behavior has an unusually strong influence on people's
judgments of all North Koreans primarily because people
a. are motivated to confirm their current stereotypes of specific groups.
b. typically categorize other individuals on the basis of barely noticeable
characteristics.
c. estimate the frequency of group characteristics in terms of the memorability of
these characteristics.
d. strongly resent those who draw a lot of attention to themselves.
e. are prone to committing the fundamental attribution error.
____ 69. Twenty Wallonians were arrested for nonviolent crimes, whereas 20 Pireaneans were arrested for
violent crimes. The tendency to judge that more crimes were committed by Pireaneans than by
Wallonians best illustrates the power of
a. ingroup bias.
b. the mere exposure effect.
c. the just-world phenomenon.
d. deindividuation.
e. vivid cases.
____ 70. Comparisons of identical and fraternal twins highlight the impact of ________ on aggression.
a. proximity
b. deindividuation
c. genetic influences
d. the bystander effect
e. attribution
____ 71. The Y chromosome is the most well-known genetic marker identifying those who are most likely to
a. form stereotypes.
b. engage in aggression.
c. experience cognitive dissonance.
d. commit the fundamental attribution error.
e. discriminate against others.
____ 72. Which of the following is true of violent male criminals?
a. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone.
b. They have relatively high levels of dopamine and low levels of testosterone.
c. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and low levels of testosterone.
d. They have relatively high levels of serotonin and high levels of dopamine.
e. They have relatively low levels of dopamine and high levels of testosterone.
____ 73. Handling and describing a gun has been found to increase ________ in research participants' saliva.
a. serotonin
b.
c.
d.
e.
testosterone
endorphins
insulin
dopamine
____ 74. After Ravi lost the student election for president of his high school class, he spread false rumors
intended to spoil the newly chosen president's reputation. Ravi's behavior is best explained in terms
of the
a. ingroup bias.
b. foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
c. mere exposure effect.
d. frustration-aggression principle.
e. fundamental attribution error.
____ 75. After a month of watching violent pornographic movies on late-night cable TV, Myron will probably
be
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
less likely to believe that women enjoy aggressive sexual treatment.
more likely to believe that rape is a serious crime.
more likely to interpret a woman's friendliness as sexual interest.
less likely to believe that rape occurs quite frequently in society.
less likely to be interesting in nonviolent pornography.
____ 76. Researchers Brad Bushman and Craig Anderson have noted that the correlation between viewing
violence and behaving aggressively nearly equals the correlation between
a. diffusion of responsibility and the bystander effect.
b. attitude similarity and interpersonal attraction.
c. self-awareness and deindividuation.
d. smoking and cancer.
e. testosterone levels and aggression levels.
____ 77. Vince, an extraverted university freshman, has just moved into a dormitory. Vince is most likely to
become friends with
a. Alfonse, a junior who is majoring in psychology and lives across the hall.
b. Mohammed, an introverted student who lives on the next floor and enjoys playing
chess.
c. James, a lonely sophomore who lives down the hall and is undecided about his
major.
d. Bill, his assigned roommate who is majoring in computer science.
e. Ester, a freshman who sits across the row from him in his first large lecture class.
____ 78. Participants in a voter preference study favored the presidential candidate whose face blended some
of their own facial features with those of the candidate. This best illustrates the impact of
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. deindividuation.
c. the chameleon effect.
d. social facilitation.
e. self-disclosure.
____ 79. An observer is likely to express greater liking for a same-sex stranger if that person's image has
some distinctive features of the observer's own face. This best illustrates the impact of
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. deindividuation.
c. the chameleon effect.
d. the fundamental attribution error.
e. self-disclosure.
____ 80. Makato, a 15-year-old high school sophomore, is physically unattractive. Compared with good-
looking students, Makato is more likely to
a. be physically coordinated and athletic.
b. have difficulty making a favorable impression on potential employers.
c. become a loving and dependent brother.
d. earn low grades in his courses.
e. be well liked by other male students.
____ 81. People's physical attractiveness is unrelated to their
a. feelings of popularity.
b. level of earned income.
c. frequency of dating.
d. self-esteem.
e. perceived friendliness.
____ 82. Women are attracted to healthy-looking men, but especially to those who seem to be
a. submissive.
b. insecure.
c. mature.
d. less attractive than themselves.
e. more attractive than themselves.
____ 83. Felippe, a 17-year-old high school senior, is very talkative, intelligent, assertive, and politically
conservative. Research suggests that he would be most likely to develop a close friendship with
a. Toren, who is talkative and assertive.
b. Erez, who is quiet and passive.
c. Tom, who is intelligent and quiet.
d. Fabio, who is politically liberal and talkative.
e. Harvinder, who is talkative but insecure.
____ 84. Casandra, who is attractive and likable, has just telephoned Mike and asked him for a date.
According to the two-factor theory of emotion, Mike is likely to experience the most intense
romantic feelings for Casandra during their telephone conversation if he has just
a. awakened from a short nap.
b. finished eating a delicious meal.
c. completed a series of aerobic exercises.
d. been studying his history lecture notes.
e. started writing a romantic poem.
____ 85. Which of the following is true of non-Western cultures, as compared with Western cultures? They
have
a. similar divorce rates and consider passionate love as more important for marriage.
b. higher divorce rates and consider passionate love as less important for marriage.
c. lower divorce rates and consider passionate love as less important for marriage.
d. higher divorce rates and consider passionate love as more important for marriage.
e. similar divorce rates and consider passionate love as less important for marriage.
____ 86. Sharing household chores ranks high on a list of things people associate with successful marriages.
This best illustrates the perceived value of
a. equity.
b. proximity.
c. passionate love.
d. self-disclosure.
e. reciprocity norm.
____ 87. Equity and self-disclosure are important to the development of
a. groupthink.
b. deindividuation.
c. companionate love.
d. social facilitation.
e. ingroup bias.
____ 88. Orville thinks his girlfriend derives more benefits from their relationship than he does, even though
he contributes more to the relationship. Orville most clearly believes that their relationship lacks
a. self-disclosure.
b. romantic love.
c. equity.
d. superordinate goals.
e. passionate love.
____ 89. The bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the
a. emergency takes place in a large city.
b. observer has just endured a frustrating experience.
c. emergency victim is a member of a different racial group than the observer.
d. emergency is being observed by a number of other people.
e. observer has been exposed to many similar emergencies in the past.
____ 90. Mrs. Pinheiro fell on a busy city sidewalk and broke her leg. Although hundreds of pedestrians saw
her lying on the ground, most failed to recognize that she was in need of medical assistance. Their
oversight best illustrates one of the dynamics involved in
a. the fundamental attribution error.
b. social loafing.
c. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
d. the bystander effect.
e. the mere exposure effect.
____ 91. When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk in apparent discomfort, he prepared
to offer help. But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did
not need any help. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. the fundamental attribution error.
c. social loafing.
d. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
e. the bystander effect.
____ 92. Two social norms that influence altruistic behavior are
a. reciprocity and social responsibility.
b. social-responsibility and social exchange.
c. reciprocity and social facilitation.
d. social facilitation and social exchange.
e. similarity and proximity.
____ 93. To help people avoid social traps, psychologists should promote an increased awareness of
a. social facilitation.
b. the mere exposure effect.
c. normative social influence.
d. the social-responsibility norm.
e. deindividuation.
____ 94. Despite government warnings of a severe shortage of heating fuels, most citizens continue to turn up
their home thermostats in the belief that their personal fuel consumption will have little effect on the
country's total fuel reserves. This reaction best illustrates the dynamics of
a. the bystander effect.
b. the fundamental attribution error.
c. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
d. the just-world phenomenon.
e. a social trap.
____ 95. Two conflicting groups who share the same negative views of one another demonstrate
a. the reciprocity norm.
b. deindividuation.
c. superordinate goals.
d. GRIT.
e. mirror-image perceptions.
____ 96. Psychologists describe shared goals that override differences among people and require their
cooperation as
a. implicit.
b. deindividuated.
c. companionate.
d. superordinate.
e. altruistic.
____ 97. Muzafer Sherif's study of conflict in a Boy Scout camp indicated that conflict between two groups of
boys could be reduced most effectively by
a. bringing the members of both groups into close contact.
b. having one group make conciliatory gestures to the other group.
c. allowing leaders of the two groups to communicate.
d. exposing the groups to tasks that required their joint cooperation.
e. encouraging a friendly competition between the groups.
____ 98. If one were to generalize from Muzafer Sherif's study of conflict resolution between two groups of
campers, the best way for the United States and China to improve their relationship would be to
a. hold highly publicized athletic contests between the two countries.
b. minimize their trade and economic exchanges.
c. conduct a joint space program designed to land humans on Mars.
d. allow citizens of each country the right to freely immigrate to the other country.
e. encourage open communication and exchanges of ideas.
____ 99. A sincere word of apology often helps to reduce the tension between two conflicting parties. This
best illustrates the value of
a. the mere exposure effect.
b. social facilitation.
c. groupthink.
d. conciliation.
e. self-disclosure.
____ 100. GRIT attempts to reduce conflict through
a. third-party mediation.
b. intimidation.
c. conciliation.
d. pacifism.
e. superordinate goals.
2017 Unit 14 Practice Test C
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
B
A
A
E
A
B
C
D
C
B
B
D
C
D
B
C
D
E
D
E
C
C
D
C
A
B
C
E
D
D
D
C
A
A
D
D
A
B
B
D
D
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
Easy
Medium
Medium
Medium
Difficult
Difficult
Medium
Easy
Easy
Easy
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Easy
Medium
Medium
Medium
Easy
Easy
Easy
Difficult
Medium
Medium
Medium
Easy
Easy
Difficult
Easy
Easy
Easy
Easy
Difficult
Medium
Difficult
Medium
Easy
Easy
Medium
Medium
Medium
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
Page 644 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 644 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 644 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 644 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 644 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 644 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 644 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 644 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 646 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 646 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 647 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 647 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 648 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 649 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 651 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 651 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 651 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 651 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 653 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 653 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 653 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 654 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 654 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 654 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 655 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 657 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 657 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 657 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 657 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 657 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 658 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 658 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 658 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 658 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 658 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 659 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 659 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 659 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 660 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 660 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 661 | Section- Social Psychology
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
B
B
C
B
D
C
D
A
C
D
C
B
B
C
D
C
D
C
D
B
E
C
D
A
B
C
C
E
C
B
A
B
D
C
D
D
A
A
B
D
C
A
C
C
A
C
C
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
Easy
Easy
Medium
Easy
Easy
Medium
Medium
Medium
Easy
Easy
Easy
Easy
Difficult
Medium
Medium
Difficult
Easy
Easy
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Easy
Difficult
Medium
Difficult
Medium
Medium
Easy
Easy
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Easy
Medium
Medium
Medium
Easy
Easy
Medium
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
Page 661 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 661 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 662 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 662 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 662 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 663 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 663 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 664 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 665 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 666 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 666 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 666 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 666 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 666 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 666 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 666 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 666 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 666 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 667 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 668 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 668 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 668 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 669 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 669 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 669 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 669 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 669 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 669 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 671 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 671 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 672 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 672 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 672 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 674 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 676 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 678 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 678 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 678 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 680 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 680 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 681 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 682 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 683 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 684 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 684 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 684 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 684 | Section- Social Psychology
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
D
D
E
A
D
E
E
D
D
C
D
C
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
Easy
Easy
Easy
Medium
Medium
Difficult
Easy
Easy
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
Page 686 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 686 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 686 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 687 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 687 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 688 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 689 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 690 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 690 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 690 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 692 | Section- Social Psychology
Page 692 | Section- Social Psychology