Download The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table
of Elements
Dmitri Mendeleev
(1834-1907)
• Russian Chemist
• Published the first
version of the period
table in 1869
• Arranged elements
according to increasing
atomic mass
• His periodic table had
gaps
Henry Moseley (1887-1915)
• Made improvements to
Mendeleev’s Periodic
Table
• Arranged elements by
atomic number instead
of mass
• Realized that there were
undiscovered elements
The periodic table holds all the
• chemical elements found on
Earth.
Describe the Periodic Table
• Elements are arranged left to right
and top to bottom in order of
increasing atomic number.
Introducing: The Atom
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhbqIJZ8wCM
• Elements have different atomic numbers - the
number of protons or electrons increases up the
table as electrons fill the shells.
Describe the Periodic Table
. The number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of the
atom is the atomic mass.
Each element has a different atomic mass. This number
increases as you go across the rows from top to bottom
of the table.
The different rows of elements
are called periods.
– All elements have something in common if
they are in the same row. All of the elements
in a period have the same number of atomic
orbitals or electron shells. Every element in
the top row (the first period) has one orbital or
shell for its electrons. All of the elements in
the second row (the second period) have two
orbitals (shells) for their electrons. It goes
down the periodic table like that. At this time,
the maximum number of electron orbitals
(shells) for any element is seven.
The different columns of elements
are called groups or families
Elements in the same family have
similar properties, just like family
members have similar
characteristics.
Describe the Periodic Table
Describe How To Read The
Periodic Table
Describe how to read the periodic
table:
• Every table has blocks that look similar to this:
• There are 92 naturally occurring elements on
the periodic table.
Describe how to read the periodic
table:
Atomic Number
The number of protons in an atom identifies
the element.
The number of protons in an atom is
referred to as the atomic number of that
element.
Describe how to read the periodic
table:
Atomic Symbol:
The atomic symbol is one or two letters chosen to
represent an element ("H" for "hydrogen," etc.).
These symbols are used every where in the world
Usually, a symbol is the abbreviation of the
element or the abbreviated Latin name of the
element.
Describe how to read the periodic
table:
Atomic Mass:
The atomic mass is the average mass of an
element in atomic mass units ("amu").
The first 20 elements have an atomic mass
about two times the atomic number.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pdRxrmgRoQ
Metals
• Metals are commonly:
1. Shiny
2. Good conductors of heat and electricity
3. Have high melting point
4. Malleable (this means that they can be hammered or
distorted)
5. Ductile (this means that they can be drawn into wires)
6. Usually solids at room temperature. An exception to
this is mercury, which is liquid in nature.
• Most elements on the Periodic Table are metals, and
can be found on the left side of the Transitional
elements
• On your Periodic table, color in the
Transitional Metals “zig-zag” which is
made of elements 5,14,32,33,51,52,and
64 in RED. These are known as
Metalloids.
• Then, color in the Metals to the left of this
zig-zag in YELLOW. Don’t forget the two
rows below the main table. These are
metals, too!
The Noble Gases
• Group 18 Elements
-Helium -Neon
-Argon -Krypton
-Xenon -Radon
• Helium is used to fill balloons.
• Neon signs contain noble gases.
• Color the family # 18 in purple. These are the
Noble Gases.
Non-Metals
•
•
•
•
Non-metals are commonly:
Not shiny
poor conductors of heat and electricity
May be solids, liquids, or gas at room
temperature
• Noductile and brittle
• These are found to the right of the Transitional
Elements “zig-zag.”
• The elements between the zig-zag and the
Noble Gases are the Non-Metals. Color
these in green.
More Periodic Table
Identification fun!!!!
1. 1. Find hydrogen and draw a circle
around it in pencil.
2. Find oxygen, and draw a circle around it
in pencil.
3. Find nitrogen, and draw a circle around it
in pencil.
4. Find carbon, and draw a circle around it
in pencil.
Periodic Table Fun Facts!
• There are 92 elements on the periodic
table that occur in nature.
• The present table has room for 118
elements.
• Scientists are working on creating a
verifying element 120, which will change
the appearance of the table.
Questions
1. What are the names of the three groups
of elements you colored in today?
2. How many elements occur naturally in
nature?
3. ___________ are the rows of the Periodic
Table.
4. ___________ are the columns of the
Periodic Table.