Download 2012 chapter 4 study guide

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Study guide for chapter 4
Each of the more than 100 elements of matter has distinct properties and a distinct
atomic structure. All forms of matter are composed of one or more of the elements. As
a basis for understanding this concept:
Ch. 4 sec. 1
3 a Students know the structure of the atom and know it is composed of protons,
neutrons, and electrons.
Be able to
1. List several scientists that helped discover the structure of the atom. Thomson,
Rutherford, etc
2. Draw and label the parts of the atom and the charges of each.
3. Define where the mass and where the energy of the atom is located.
4. Define key terms; Atom, atomic number, mass number isotope, energy level,
neutron, nucleus, proton, electron
7 b Students know each element has a specific number of protons in the nucleus (the
atomic number) and each isotope of the element has a different but specific number
of neutrons in the nucleus.
Be able to tell
5. how to distinguish an element from an isotope.
6. how to designate an isotope. (Name of element with the mass number) Show
carbon as an example
Chapter 4 sec. 2
The organization of the periodic table is based on the properties of the elements and
reflects the structure of atoms. As a basis for understanding this concept:
7 a. Students know how to identify regions corresponding to metals, nonmetals, and
inert gases.
Be able to
7. tell who Mendeleev was and how he arranged the periodic table
8. tell how the periodic table we use now is arranged .
9. tell that properties of an element can be predicted from its location in the
periodic table
10. find an element’s atomic number symbol, name and atomic mass from the
periodic table Do an example of an element.
11. determine the number of protons, electrons and neutrons of an element
when given the atomic number and the atomic mass of an element (
another example of an element)
12. define key terms: atomic mass, group, period, chemical symbol
Chapter 4 section3
7 a Students know how to identify regions corresponding to metals,
nonmetals, and inert gases.
7. c. Students know substances can be classified by their properties, including
their melting temperature, density, hardness, and thermal and electrical
conductivity.
Be able to
13. list the physical properties of metals
14. tell that the reactivity of metals tends to decrease from left to right across
the periodic table
15. explain how scientists make synthetic elements, and the instrument used.
16. Show where the different types of metals are located on the periodic chart.
(Alkali, alkaline earth, transition, mixed group, etc.) list the families
17. Define key terms include: malleable, ductile, thermal, and electrical
conductivity, corrosion, reactivity, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal
transition metal, particle accelerator
Chapter 4 section 4
Standards 7 a and 7 c
Students should be able to
18. List physical characteristics of non metals and location of the nonmetals
on the periodic table
19. know that inert gases tend to be unreactive and their location on the
periodic table
20. state the most useful property of the semimetals and their location on the
periodic table
21. state the family of the most reactive nonmetals, their name and their
location on the periodic table
22. Key terms: nonmetal, diatomic molecule, inert gas, semimetal,
semiconductor, halogens
Chapter 4 section5
Standard 7 b
Students need to
23. Know that natural radioactive decay can produce alpha particles, beta
particles, and gamma radiation
24. State what is produced by the alpha, and beta particles and gamma
radiation
25. List some of the uses of radioactive isotopes in medicine and industry
26. Define key terms: radioactive decay, tracer radioactivity, alpha
particle, beta particle, gamma radiation