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Transcript
Name Date Hour Structure of The Earth Study Guide 1) What are mineral groups based on? CHEMICAL MAKEUP 2) What are the two main groups of minerals that are found in rocks? (1) SILICATES AND (2)CARBONATES 3) What is a mineral? A NATURALLY FORMED SOLID WITH A DEFINITE CHEMICAL MAKEUP AND A CRYSTAL STRUCTURE 4) What are the 5 characteristics of minerals? NATURALLY FORMING, SOLID, HAS A DEFINITE CHEMICAL MAKEUP, HAS A CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, AND IS INORGANIC 5) What are the 7 identifying characteristics of minerals and how do we test each? COLOR – SIGHT; STREAK – USE A STREAK PLATE TO SEE POWDER COLOR; LUSTER – SEE HOW IT REFLECTS LIGHT; CLEAVEGE – BREAK IT; FRACTURE – BREAK IT; DENSITY – FIND ITS MASS AND VOLUME AND DIVIDE; HARDNESS – SCRATCH IT AGAINST KNOWN HARDNESSES 6) How are rocks and minerals different? MINERALS HAVE A DEFINATE CHEMICAL MAKEUP AND A CRYSTAL STRUCTURE – ROCKS DO NOT 7) What is the difference in how an intrusive and extrusive igneous rock forms? INTRUSIVE FORMS INSIDE THE EARTH WHEN MAGMA COOLS, EXTRUSIVE FORMS ON THE SURFACE WHEN LAVA COOLS 8) Why is the rock cycle called a cycle? IT HAS NO BEGINNING OR ENDING 9) What is the difference between lava and magma? LAVA IS MOLTEN ROCK ON THE SURFACE, MAGMA IS MOLTEN ROCK UNDER THE SURFACE 10) Why are most of our major landforms igneous rock? IT IS STRONGER THEN OTHER TYPES OF ROCKS AND RESISTS WEATHERING 11) What is the most important thing in determining the size of mineral crystals in an igneous rock? RATE AT WHICH IT COOLS 12) How do metamorphic rocks form? EXTREME HEAT AND/OR PRESSURE 13) How do sedimentary rocks form? AND CEMENTED TOGETHER PIECES OF SEDIMENT OR OLDER ROCKS GET PRESSED 14) These waves are considered body waves P & S WAVES 15) These waves are considered surface waves LOVE AND RAYLEIGH WAVES 16) Body waves travel THROUGH EARTH’S INTERIOR 17) Surface waves travel ON OR NEAR THE SURFACE 18) We use these types of waves to prove there is a core in the Earth 19) We use a SIESMOMETER BODY WAVES to measure the movement of the Earth. 20) How do we locate where an earthquake happened? FIND THE DIFFERENECE IN ARRIVAL TIMES OF THE P & S WAVES FROM 3 DIFFERENT SIESMOMETER STATIONS. WE USE THIS TO FIND THE RADIUS OF A CIRCLE AND DRAW CIRCLES AROUND ALL 3 STATIONS. WHERE THE CIRCLES INTERSECT IS THE WHERE THE EARTHQUAKE HAPPENED. 21) What body wave cannot travel through liquid? S WAVES 22) List the order of seismic waves as they reach a site from fastest to slowest. P WAVE, S WAVE, SURFACE WAVES 23) How fast do body waves move through the Earth? 11 KM/SEC 24) What are the layers of the Earth from inside out? INNER CORE, OUTER CORE, MANTLE, CRUST 25) What layer of the Earth is the densest layer? INNER CORE 26) What is the difference between continental and oceanic crust? CONTINENTAL CRUST IS THICKER BUT LESS DENSE THEN OCEANIC 27) What is continental crust mostly made out of GRANITE 28) What is oceanic crust mostly made out of? BASALT 29) Why is the inner core a solid but the outer core a liquid? EXTREME PRESSURE COUNTERACTS THE HEAT 30) What is the asthenosphere? LAYER OF SOFT HOT MOLTEN ROCK IN THE MIDDLE TO UPPER MANTLE 31) What is the lithosphere? THE CRUST AND THE TOP RIGIDE PART OF THE MANTLE – TECTONIC PLATES ARE MADE OF IT 32) What happens to density as you get closer to the core? IT INCREASES THE CLOSER YOU GET 33) What are all of the layers made out of? CRUST = SOLID ROCK, MANTLE = MOLTEN ROCK, OUTER CORE = LIQUID METAL (IRON & NICKLE), INNER CORE – SOLID METAL (IRON & NICKLE) Be able to identify the following rocks as Igneous (I), Sedimentary (S), or Metamorphic (M) Limestone - S Slate - M Granite - I Gneiss - M Schist - M Marble - M Shale - S Pumice - I Obsidian - I Sandstone - S Know the definition of the following terms. Wave Amplitude Wave Length Transverse Waves Reflection Diffraction Crust Mantle Outer Core Inner Core Wave Frequency Wave Speed Compression Waves Refraction Resonance Lithosphere Asthenosphere Convection