Download Structure of the Earth Study Guide with Answers

Name
Date
Hour
Structure of The Earth Study Guide
1)
What are mineral groups based on?
CHEMICAL MAKEUP
2) What are the two main groups of minerals that are found in rocks?
(1) SILICATES AND
(2)CARBONATES
3) What is a mineral?
A NATURALLY FORMED SOLID WITH A DEFINITE CHEMICAL MAKEUP
AND A CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
4) What are the 5 characteristics of minerals?
NATURALLY FORMING, SOLID, HAS A DEFINITE
CHEMICAL MAKEUP, HAS A CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, AND IS INORGANIC
5) What are the 7 identifying characteristics of minerals and how do we test each?
COLOR
– SIGHT; STREAK – USE A STREAK PLATE TO SEE POWDER COLOR; LUSTER – SEE HOW IT
REFLECTS LIGHT; CLEAVEGE – BREAK IT; FRACTURE – BREAK IT; DENSITY – FIND ITS MASS AND
VOLUME AND DIVIDE; HARDNESS – SCRATCH IT AGAINST KNOWN HARDNESSES
6) How are rocks and minerals different? MINERALS HAVE A DEFINATE CHEMICAL MAKEUP AND
A CRYSTAL STRUCTURE – ROCKS DO NOT
7) What is the difference in how an intrusive and extrusive igneous rock forms?
INTRUSIVE
FORMS INSIDE THE EARTH WHEN MAGMA COOLS, EXTRUSIVE FORMS ON THE SURFACE WHEN
LAVA COOLS
8) Why is the rock cycle called a cycle?
IT HAS NO BEGINNING OR ENDING
9) What is the difference between lava and magma?
LAVA IS MOLTEN ROCK ON THE
SURFACE, MAGMA IS MOLTEN ROCK UNDER THE SURFACE
10) Why are most of our major landforms igneous rock?
IT IS STRONGER THEN OTHER TYPES OF
ROCKS AND RESISTS WEATHERING
11) What is the most important thing in determining the size of mineral crystals in an igneous rock?
RATE AT WHICH IT COOLS
12) How do metamorphic rocks form?
EXTREME HEAT AND/OR PRESSURE
13) How do sedimentary rocks form?
AND CEMENTED TOGETHER
PIECES OF SEDIMENT OR OLDER ROCKS GET PRESSED
14) These waves are considered body waves
P & S WAVES
15) These waves are considered surface waves
LOVE AND RAYLEIGH WAVES
16) Body waves travel
THROUGH EARTH’S INTERIOR
17) Surface waves travel
ON OR NEAR THE SURFACE
18) We use these types of waves to prove there is a core in the Earth
19) We use a
SIESMOMETER
BODY WAVES
to measure the movement of the Earth.
20) How do we locate where an earthquake happened? FIND THE DIFFERENECE IN ARRIVAL TIMES
OF THE P & S WAVES FROM 3 DIFFERENT SIESMOMETER STATIONS. WE USE THIS TO FIND THE
RADIUS OF A CIRCLE AND DRAW CIRCLES AROUND ALL 3 STATIONS. WHERE THE CIRCLES
INTERSECT IS THE WHERE THE EARTHQUAKE HAPPENED.
21) What body wave cannot travel through liquid? S WAVES
22) List the order of seismic waves as they reach a site from fastest to slowest. P WAVE, S WAVE,
SURFACE WAVES
23) How fast do body waves move through the Earth? 11 KM/SEC
24) What are the layers of the Earth from inside out? INNER CORE, OUTER CORE, MANTLE, CRUST
25) What layer of the Earth is the densest layer? INNER CORE
26) What is the difference between continental and oceanic crust? CONTINENTAL CRUST IS THICKER
BUT LESS DENSE THEN OCEANIC
27) What is continental crust mostly made out of GRANITE
28) What is oceanic crust mostly made out of? BASALT
29) Why is the inner core a solid but the outer core a liquid? EXTREME PRESSURE COUNTERACTS
THE HEAT
30) What is the asthenosphere? LAYER OF SOFT HOT MOLTEN ROCK IN THE MIDDLE TO UPPER
MANTLE
31) What is the lithosphere? THE CRUST AND THE TOP RIGIDE PART OF THE MANTLE – TECTONIC
PLATES ARE MADE OF IT
32) What happens to density as you get closer to the core? IT INCREASES THE CLOSER YOU GET
33) What are all of the layers made out of? CRUST = SOLID ROCK, MANTLE = MOLTEN ROCK, OUTER
CORE = LIQUID METAL (IRON & NICKLE), INNER CORE – SOLID METAL (IRON & NICKLE)
Be able to identify the following rocks as Igneous (I), Sedimentary (S), or Metamorphic (M)
Limestone - S
Slate - M
Granite - I
Gneiss - M
Schist - M
Marble - M
Shale - S
Pumice - I
Obsidian - I
Sandstone - S
Know the definition of the following terms.
Wave Amplitude
Wave Length
Transverse Waves
Reflection
Diffraction
Crust
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
Wave Frequency
Wave Speed
Compression Waves
Refraction
Resonance
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Convection