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Surface Anatomy Of Urinary System Learning objectives: At the end of the lecture the student should be able to: • Identify the surface anatomy of – Kidney, – Ureter and – Urinary bladder. Surface anatomy of kidney: • Right kidney usually lies about 1 cm. lower than the left, but for practical purposes similar surface markings are taken for each • The kidneys lie in the paravertebral gutters, at the level of T12 to L3 vertebrae. • Their long axis are almost parallel with the axis of the body • It is a firm, smooth, somewhat rounded mass that descends during inspiration. Front of the abdomen: • Upper pole lies midway between the plane of the lower end of the body of the sternum and the transpyloric plane, 5 cm. from the middle line. • Lower pole is situated midway between the transpyloric and intertubercular planes, 7 cm. from the middle line. Hilum is on the transpyloric plane, 5 cm. from the middle line. Back of the abdomen: • Parallellogram of Morris is used; • Two vertical lines are drawn – First 2.5 cm. from the middle line – Second 9.5 cm. from the middle line the • Two horizontal lines drawn – Upper border at the levels of the tips of the spinous process of the T11 – lower border of the spinous process of the L3 – Hilum is 5 cm. from the middle line at the level of the spinous process of the L1. Surface anatomy of kidney: • In thin adults with poorly developed abdominal muscles, the inferior pole of the right kidney is usually palpable in the right lateral region. • The normal left kidney is not usually palpable. Surface Anatomy Of Ureter: • On the front of the abdomen • line of the ureter runs from the hilum of the kidney to the pubic tubercle; • On the back • From the hilum vertically downward, passing practically through the posterior superior iliac spine. Surface anatomy of urinary bladder: • When empty the bladder sinks into the pelvis. • When distended it rises toward the umbilicus, carrying the peritoneal fold with it so as to leave a space of 2.5 to 5 cm. (1 to 2 in.) between it and the top of the pubis. Thank you.