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Urinary System Lab EXAMINATION OF THE KIDNEY Qualitative Examination Use p. 444-447 to assist with the answering of these questions. a) The area where the blood vessels and the ureter enter and/or leave the kidney is called the Hilum. How may blood vessels are located at the hilum? Name them. (2) Two – Renal Artery and Renal Vein b) How many ureters are there? Where does the ureter exit from the kidney? (2) Two – exit from renal pelvis region c) Carefully bisect the kidney longitudinally so the cut passes through the centre of the hilum. Name and locate i) renal cortex, ii) renal medulla, iii) renal pelvis Please refer to p. 467 of your textbook for an effective diagram of how to cut your kidney. d) The medullary portion of the kidney is composed of wedge-shaped structures called renal pyramids. What structures are located in them? p. 446 (1) Nephrons e) Label your diagrams of the urinary system. You can use your textbook and the models in the classroom to assist you. Be sure to know all definitions of structures as illustrated on p. 446 of your textbook. f) Does any fluid appear from the kidney when you squeeze it? What type of fluid would this be in a fresh kidney? (1) Urine g) From the darkened colour of the kidney, it is evident how much blood flow enters the kidney. What is the primary purpose of the blood entering the kidney? Based upon the primary purpose mentioned, account for the lack of “red” in the fluid produced by the kidney. (2) So the blood can get filtered and rid itself of waste. No red blood cells must enter into urine Analysis and Discussion 1) Create note (using a style of your choice) overviewing the following: a) Define: Excretion b) Summarize a primary goal of the excretory system. c) Overview four functions of the excretory system. See section 10.1 – the ideas are directly out of the reading 2) Urea, uric acid, and ammonia are all wastes secreted by terrestrial and aquatic organisms. I) What type of waste is this? What macromolecules are broken down to produce these wastes? (2) Nitrogenous – Proteins or Nucleic acid breakdown since they consist of amino groups (nitrogen) II) What are the primary waste forms that you secrete of this type? Urea, a little uric acid III) What are some of the health issues if specific types of waste build up in the human body? (2) If uric acid builds up in the joints it can lead to gout IV) What is the primary waste secreted by Fish? How about lizards, not too mention the birds? (3) Fish – ammonia Lizard, Birds – Uric acid (precipitates out of solution so appears whitish V) What organ is responsible for forming your waste of this type? What reaction takes place? Why is this reaction a necessity for more complex organisms? (3) Liver – It takes 2 groups of ammonia and reacts it with carbon dioxide to form urea. This would appear to be a more efficient way to get rid of waste products (2 ammonias and 1 carbon dioxide for every urea molecule Answer questions p. 448, #4, 5, 9, 10