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Morgan Good * Amino Acids- broken down becomes fats/carbohydrates * Ammonia- formed when amino group removed. -excreted by fish & other aquatic animals * Uric Acid- excreted by insects, reptiles & birds -not very toxic *Carrier molecules- take up CO2 & NH4, releasing urea. Aquatic Terrestrial *Cartilaginous Fish -have rectal glands to rid themselves of salt * Kangaroo Rat -fur prevents water loss to air -gains water from cellular respiration, so it never drinks *Marine Bony Fish -Actively transport salt from body through gills * Freshwater Bony Fish -Actively transport salt into their blood through gills *Seagulls, Reptiles & Mammals -Seagulls & reptiles have salt glands to pump out salt -The gland is controlled by the nervous system * Planarians- two branching strands -open to the outside of body -Flame cell- have beating cilia -push fluid through * Earthworms- each segment has two nephridia -tube with ciliated opening -cilia push fluid through * Insects-have Malpighian -long thin tubules attached to gut *Uric acid is transported into Malpighian * Crustaceans- nitrogenous waste removed by diffusion -have excretory organs called green glands * Shrimp & pill bugs- have maxillary glands * Arachnids- have coxal glands -located on apendages Green Gland Maxillary Gland Coxal Gland * Important parts -Kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, & urethra * Kidney- reddish-brown, bean shaped, fist sized -Located on either side of vertebral column -Still partially protected by ribcage *Ureter- duct that takes urine from kidney to bladder * Urinary Bladder- stores urine * Urethra- tube that excretes urine. * Three major parts: The renal cortex, the renal medulla & the renal pelvis * Renal cortex-outside of kidney * Renal medulla- 6-10 cone-shaped renal pyramids -lie on inner side of renal cortex * Renal pelvis- hollow chamber http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXfvLmJ40HA Kidney Kidney Structure * Basic unit of kidney -over 1 million per kidney * Removes waste & water * Each nephron has it’s own blood supply * Primarily in renal cortex but some go down to renal medulla http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vEXx5YLcGmQ * Kidney stones- can fill whole renal pelvis, causing much pain when passed * Gout- accumulation of more than normal levels of uric acid. Causes pain & deformation * Nephritis- Damages & closes the microscopic filters in the kidney Kidney Stones * Regulates: sodium, fluid, blood pressure -secretes renin * Plasma Gobulin angiotensin aldosterone -angiotensin: poylpeptides control arterial pressure -aldosterone: steroid controls salt & water http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone+system http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/angiotensin http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aldosterone http://physicianjobster.com/internist/endocrinologist-internist/renin-angiotensin-aldosteron-systemdiagram-in-fluid-homeostasis/ http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/nephron http://www.caring4urology.com/go/urology/basics/kidney-illustration.htm http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat2/notes/APIINotes3%20urinary%20anatomy.htm http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Courses/bio105/kidney.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vEXx5YLcGmQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXfvLmJ40HA http://kidneystonespictures.com/painful-kidney-stones.jpg http://images.paraorkut.com/img/health/images/g/gout-39.jpg http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/e/excretory_system.htm http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Courses/bio105/kidney.htm