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BIOLOGY NOTES – 7A ECOLOGY BASICS Levels of Ecological Organization Habitat vs Niche o Habitat ____________________ an organism lives o NICHE What an organism ____________________ and how it ____________________ with the environment o ____________________ ____________________ Principle No two species can occupy the exact same ____________________ ____________________ - Sharing resources BIOLOGY NOTES – 7A ECOLOGY BASICS Biotic vs Abiotic Factors ____________________ Factors o Relationships between ____________________ organisms Humans pick flowers Coyotes eat chickens ____________________ Factors o ____________________ or ____________________ factors that affect living organisms ____________________________________________________________ BIOTIC FACTORS o Competition ____________________ for resources ________________________________________ o Predation One organism ____________________ and ____________________ the other ____________________ – herbivores eating plants Similar to predation ____________________ – mimic a dangerous animal so that others stay away o Parasitism One organism ____________________ on another (typically does not kill the host) o Mutualism ____________________ organisms benefit o Commensalism One organism benefits and the other is ________________________________________ o Disease Spread of ____________________ or disease causing agents ____________________ or ____________________ BIOLOGY NOTES – 7A ECOLOGY BASICS ____________________ FACTORS o ____________________ o ____________________ o ____________________ o ____________________ o ____________________ o ____________________ Populations Both biotic and abiotic factors can affect ____________________ ____________________ Population size = (+) Number of ____________________ (-) Number of ____________________ Number of organisms that (+) move in (____________________) or (-) out (____________________) of a population Exponential Growth Population under ____________________ conditions with ____________________ resources can grow ____________________ ____________________ Shaped graph In the real world… Most population do ____________________ have unlimited resources Biotic factors: ____________________________________________________________ Abiotic Factors: ____________________________________________________________ All affect the growth of a population BIOLOGY NOTES – 7A ECOLOGY BASICS Logistic Growth Populations may experience growth, but eventually reach ______________________________ Carrying Capacity Limiting Factor Anything that can ____________________ population size Density ____________________ Limiting Factors Maximum number of individuals a particular environment can support at a given time Any limiting factor that affects dense populations ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Density ____________________ Limiting Factor Any limiting factor that affects all population equally ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ BIOLOGY NOTES – 7A ECOLOGY BASICS Non-Native Species ____________________Species ____________________ Stability For the most part, ecosystems are relatively stable Most population sizes remain relatively the same over time Only when there are changes to the ecosystem does the population sizes change If a small change occurs in an ecosystem, the population may change ____________________ If a dramatic change occurs in an ecosystem, the population size may change ____________________ BIOLOGY NOTES – 7A ECOLOGY BASICS Vocabulary Population – group of individuals of the same species living at the same place at the same time Community – all of the different populations living in the same place at the same time Ecosystem – all the communities that live in an area along with the nonliving environment Biosphere – the entire range in which living organisms live on Earth Habitat – where an organism lives Niche – the job that an organism performs in that habitat Competitive exclusion principle – no two species can occupy the same niche at the same time Resource partitioning – the sharing of resources among organisms that would typical occupy the same niche but instead have willingly partitioned themselves into smaller niches Biotic – living things Abiotic – nonliving things Exponential – unlimited growth made possible only in the presence of unlimited resources Logistic – growth that can only continue to the environment’s carrying capacity Carrying Capacity – the maximum number of organisms an environment can support at any given time Non-native (Invasive) Species – species that are not originally present in an area but instead have been introduced to an area artificially by human actions