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NOTES: SUCCESSION PP. 405-410 EARTH’S LAYERS Geosphere • Earth’s rock interior that extends from the core to the crust. Hydrosphere • Portion of earth that is water EARTH’S LAYERS Atmosphere • • Above geo/hydrosphere Mixture of gases that surrounds earth • 78% N2, 21% O2, 1% other gases (H2O , & CO2) EARTH’S LAYERS Atmosphere • • Ozone: important because it blocks most of the sun’s UV light. Greenhouse gases: gases that trap heat (CO2 and methane) EARTH’S LAYERS Biosphere • • Portion of earth that contains life ~ 9 km above surface and ~11km below surface DISTURBANCE Events that change communities, remove or destroy organisms DISTURBANCE Events that change communities, remove or destroy organisms • Abiotic Examples: droughts, fires, floods etc. • Biotic Examples: elephants tearing up trees, prairie dogs moving soil for burrows etc. • Human examples: bulldozing, paving etc. STABILITY • Ability to withstand a disturbance • Pattern seen: ↑species richness and ↑ evenness leads to ↑ stability ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION • Sequential and gradual growth of a community • Two types: primary and secondary Lichen, moss grass, shrubs, fast-growth trees slow-growth tree 1. Primary succession occurs when community is first formed (expanding a community) • Microbes, lichens and mosses must create soil before other plants can grow. • Pioneer species: first species to dominate early in succession (small and fast growing) • Climax Community: marked by the domination of long-lived species and great diversity 2. Secondary succession: occurs after a disturbance destroys a climax community. 2. Secondary succession: occurs after a disturbance destroys a climax community. • Takes place on sites that have already supported life WHICH IS PRIMARY AND WHICH IS SECONDARY? DAY BEFORE ERUPTION 1980 ERUPTION TODAY http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/asset/nat08_vid_travcom/ CREATE A DOUBLE BUBBLE FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SUCCESSION Place the following terms in bubbles • Takes ~100 years • Takes over 100+ years • Creates an ecosystem • Makes a new ecosystem • Makes a pre-existing ecosystem • Pioneer species • Disturbance occurred • Ecosystem expanding • Makes soil • Soil already present