Download Earth

NOTES:
SUCCESSION
PP. 405-410
EARTH’S LAYERS
Geosphere
•
Earth’s rock interior that extends from
the core to the crust.
Hydrosphere
•
Portion of earth that is water
EARTH’S LAYERS
Atmosphere
•
•
Above geo/hydrosphere
Mixture of gases that surrounds earth
•
78% N2, 21% O2, 1% other gases
(H2O , & CO2)
EARTH’S LAYERS
Atmosphere
•
•
Ozone: important because it blocks most
of the sun’s UV light.
Greenhouse gases: gases that trap heat
(CO2 and methane)
EARTH’S LAYERS
Biosphere
•
•
Portion of earth that contains
life
~ 9 km above surface and
~11km below surface
DISTURBANCE
Events that change communities,
remove or destroy organisms
DISTURBANCE
Events that change communities, remove or
destroy organisms
• Abiotic Examples: droughts, fires, floods etc.
• Biotic Examples: elephants tearing up trees,
prairie dogs moving soil for burrows etc.
• Human examples: bulldozing, paving etc.
STABILITY
• Ability to
withstand a
disturbance
• Pattern seen:
↑species richness
and ↑ evenness
leads to ↑
stability
ECOLOGICAL
SUCCESSION
• Sequential and gradual growth of a
community
• Two types: primary and secondary
Lichen, moss  grass, shrubs,  fast-growth trees slow-growth tree
1. Primary succession occurs when community is
first formed (expanding a community)
• Microbes, lichens and mosses must create soil
before other plants can grow.
•
Pioneer species: first
species to dominate early in
succession (small and fast
growing)
•
Climax Community:
marked by the domination of
long-lived species and great
diversity
2. Secondary succession: occurs after a
disturbance destroys a climax community.
2. Secondary succession: occurs after a
disturbance destroys a climax community.
• Takes place on sites that have already
supported life
WHICH IS PRIMARY AND
WHICH IS SECONDARY?
DAY BEFORE
ERUPTION
1980 ERUPTION
TODAY
http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/asset/nat08_vid_travcom/
CREATE A DOUBLE BUBBLE FOR
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
SUCCESSION
Place the following terms in bubbles
• Takes ~100 years
• Takes over 100+ years
• Creates an ecosystem
• Makes a new ecosystem
• Makes a pre-existing ecosystem
• Pioneer species
• Disturbance occurred
• Ecosystem expanding
• Makes soil
• Soil already present