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Transcript
The change of an ecosystem over a period of time. This includes Primary and secondary succession We would not have ecosystems without them Primary and secondary Primary succession is the series of changes that occur in an area where no soil or organisms exist. It takes an average of 2000 years for the ecosystem to become a climax community. Secondary succession is the changes that occur after a disturbance in an existing ecosystem. It takes on average of 200 years for an ecosystem to become a climax community. Primary succession occurs after a newly formed volcanic island is formed. It can also occur after ancient ice sheets or glaciers melt, leaving bare rock exposed. Fire Flood Earthquake Hurricane Mudslide War Mining Logging Development Pollution Farming Primary succession takes longer because there is no existing soil. Soil takes a long time to develop. Pioneer species are the first organisms to populate an area where primary succession occurs. Mosses, Ferns, and lichens are examples of pioneer species. Large trees, such as oak, birch and maple trees. Larger animals are also some of the last organisms to inhabit an area. A Climax Community is the name for a mature, stable ecosystem. Change is very slow, and nothing major will happen unless a natural disturbance occurs. Primary succession occurs in an area where there is no soil or organisms. Secondary succession occurs in an area where an existing ecosystem has been disturbed. A disturbance is when an ecosystem is changed drastically so the organisms that lived either die or emigrate. Soil is formed when pioneer species break down rock. The moss and lichen then die and their decomposed remains enrich the soil. Seeds can be dispersed by Blowing in the wind Movement by water Animal assisted Shrubs and small trees are the first to grow in an abandoned field, HOWEVER… after a fire grasses and weeds are the first to grow. Mt. St. Helen’s erupted in 1980. It killed 57 people and destroyed the ecosystem in a 50 kilometer radius. Life came back to the area within 3 years of the disaster. There are 4.5 deer for every square mile within the forest There are about .63 students for every square foot within the classroom There are about 3913 birds for every square mile There are about 23 dinosaurs for every square mile There are about 11.3 ants per square foot There are about 42 people for every square mile. The mouse population may increase since they won’t have to compete with the sparrows for food. The grass population would probably increase, but everything else may decrease. The hognose and Garter Snake populations would increase, since they have no predators. The hawk population would probably decrease, since the food source has decreased.