* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Study Guide: Lesson 3, 4, 5 in Unit 2.
Biodiversity wikipedia , lookup
Ecological fitting wikipedia , lookup
Ecological resilience wikipedia , lookup
Overexploitation wikipedia , lookup
Conservation psychology wikipedia , lookup
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project wikipedia , lookup
Restoration ecology wikipedia , lookup
Pleistocene Park wikipedia , lookup
Ecosystem services wikipedia , lookup
Triclocarban wikipedia , lookup
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle wikipedia , lookup
Biodiversity action plan wikipedia , lookup
Reconciliation ecology wikipedia , lookup
Habitat conservation wikipedia , lookup
Ecological succession wikipedia , lookup
Theoretical ecology wikipedia , lookup
Sustainable agriculture wikipedia , lookup
Name:________________________________________Date:________Period:___ Study Guide: Lesson 3, 4, 5 in Unit 2. Energy/Matter, Changes and, Human Activity in Ecosystems 1. Outline the parts of the water cycle, nitrogen cycle, and carbon cycle. Use the pictures of the cycles outlined in Lesson 3 to familiarize yourself with each cycle. Be able to follow each cycle when presented with a picture of each cycle. 2. What is energy? What is matter? Energy is the ability to do work. Matter has mass and takes up space. 3. Laws of conservation of matter and energy. Matter and energy can change form, but cannot be created or destroyed. 4. Energy flow in food chains and food pyramids. Each level of the energy pyramid shows the flow of energy in food chains and food webs. The bottom of the energy pyramid is made up of producers, and is large size shows that producers have the highest population. Going up the energy pyramid, there is less energy, so populations begin to get smaller. (There are more primary consumers than secondary consumers, and more secondary consumers than tertiary consumers. 5. What are the roles of the producer (autotroph), consumer (heterotroph), and decomposer in an ecosystem? Producers make the food (on the surface of earth, energy comes from the sun), consumers eat others to obtain energy, and decomposers recycle materials by breaking down the remains of dead organisms. 6. What are herbivores and carnivores? Herbivores consume only vegetation/plants. Carnivores consume only animals/meat. Omnivores eat both plants and animals. Insectivores eat primarily insects. 7. What is a pioneer species? What is a pioneer species role in ecological succession? The Pioneer is the first to grow/live in an environment. The pioneer paves the way for other life forms to live in the new environment. Overtime the environment will changes, as will the organisms that live in it. 8. What is ecological succession, and what is primary and secondary succession? Ecological succession is when the environment changes overtime, as well as the organisms that live in it. Primary succession occurs where there is no soil present. Secondary succession occurs when there is soil present, and probably grasses and other field plants. 9. What is biodiversity and why is it important to have diversity in an ecosystem? Biodiversity is having many different types of species in an ecosystem. Biodiversity is important so that if one species is removed (goes extinct) there are other organisms that can occupy the missing species niche. 10.How does eutrophication affect a pond? Eutrophication is the formation of an algal bloom in a body of water due to nutrient pollution. The algal bloom, which forms on the top of the water blocks light from reaching the water plants below. The plants will die and are decomposed by bacteria. The bacteria will use up all of the free oxygen in the water, and then the aquatic life (fish, etc.) will die. 11.What are the effects of acid rain on an ecosystem? Combustion release nitrogen and sulfur oxides into the atmosphere. These acids bind with rain water in the atmosphere to form acid rain. Acid rain lowers the pH of lakes and ponds, resulting in more acidic water. Too much acid will kill life in the water. 12.How do invasive species affect an ecosystem? Invasive species can disrupt the normal populations that live in the ecosystem, which can disrupt food chains, food webs, and energy flow. Invasive species can also bring physical change to the environment, changing the ecosystem and the organisms that live in it. 13. What are the effects of resource depletion? Resource depletion can lead to changes in the ecosystem and the life that lives there. We studied the destruction of the boreal forests in Canada that resulted from mining the tar sands. We also looked at slash and burn agriculture, which changes the rainforest into a field for farming or grazing. Once resources are depleted, it can take extremely long periods of time for them to come back, if they can come back at all. 14.What are the effects on ecosystems as a result of an increasing human population? Over use of resources and changes to the environment result in habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity. 15.What are some ways that natural resources can be conserved? Managing natural resources can help to conserve them so that they do not become depleted. Creating conservation areas, where resources are off limits to people is very difficult, especially in very poor areas of the world. Conservation areas help to protect and renew resources so they do not become depleted.