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A Tale of Two City-States: ATHENS PA @ 71 Objectives • SWBAT understanding the foundations and traditions of ancient Athenian society. • Students will examine how a primary artifact reflects the values of a society. Do Now • Have you ever known anyone who was too smart for their own good? What was Athens? • Athens began as a small mountain village around the year 800 BCE. • By 430 BCE, Athens was a city of over 150,000 people, governing an empire of colonies from Present-day Italy to present-day Turkey. • For a century, Athens was the greatest naval power in the Mediterranean world. What did it mean to be Athenian? • Athens took pride in its democracy and its cultural heritage. • Athenians were expected to participate in government as a civic duty. • They believed their trade and cultural achievements made Athens the greatest city-state in all Greece— especially greater than Sparta. What did it mean to be Athenian? • Boys were taught reading, writing, mathematics, music, poetry, sports and gymnastics. • Wealthier boys learned philosophy, ethics and rhetoric. • All males received military training along with a classical education. • Even foreigners and slaves received a basic education. What did it mean to be Athenian? • Athens produced a rich legacy in the arts and sciences. • Theater was invented in Athens. • Art, science, philosophy, literature, medicine and all learning was greatly valued. Athenian Democracy • Athens developed their government, known as a democracy, around 500 BCE. • Democracy comes from the Greek words “demos” (people) and “kratios” (rule or govern) • Athens had a direct democracy: All male citizens had the right-and duty-to participate in government. Democracy of Ancient Athens – 450 BCE GENERALS (STRATEGOS) • Ten citizens with military experience elected by the Assembly. • Often served for over one year during wartime. • Had special powers. MAGISTRATES (ARCHONS) • Elected every year. •Presided over Jury Courts • Had police powers over the polis. PRIESTS (BASILEUS) • Nine citizens elected by the Assembly. • Special religious and administrative powers. COUNCIL OF 500 (BOULE) • 50 men from each of Athens’ 10 tribes. • Elected every year by the Assembly. • Administered Laws passed by the Assembly. • Its leader changed daily. • Each citizen can only be elected twice to the Boule in their lifetime. PRYTANY • Committee of 50 men who managed the work of the Boule. • Elects the Assembly speaker who keeps order at the Assembly meetings. ASSEMBLY (ECCLESIAE) – All citizens of Athens • Male adults born in Athens to Athenian parents. • Male adults born elsewhere to Athenian parents. • Met every 9 days on the Pynx, a hill at the foot of the Acropolis. • Debated and voted on all Athenian laws and policies. • Elected Council of 500, the generals , priests, judges and other officials. POLIS – Entire Population of Athens (about 150,000) JURY COURTS (HELIAEA) • 6000 citizens were chosen by lot from the Assembly. • Dealt with all crimes except murder. Athens – Social Classes • Citizens – Male members of the Assembly – Aristocrats – wealthy landowners. – Middle class – small farmers and shopkeepers. – Thetes – urban craftsmen and workers. • Metics – Immigrants from outside Athens. – Couldn’t own land, but could run businesses. • Slaves – Lowest, but not treated as harshly as other places. Women in Athens • Women had no rights in Athenian society and were rarely seen outside the home. • Women were the property of their husbands and expected to care for the home. • Girls received little, if any formal education. Activity – Pericle’s Funeral Oration • Today you will read a piece of a famous speech by the Athenian general and politician Pericles. • Each person will select a paragraph from the speech to analyze. • Use the worksheet to guide you through the process. Conclusions • Based on the speech, what kind of people were the Athenians? • What characteristics of Athens or its people would a Spartan hate? Why? • Does the speech accurately define what it is to be Athenian? Why/Why not?