Download A Tale of Two City

A Tale of Two City-States:
ATHENS
PA @ 71
Objectives
• SWBAT understanding the foundations and
traditions of ancient Athenian society.
• Students will examine how a primary artifact
reflects the values of a society.
Do Now
• Have you ever known anyone who was too
smart for their own good?
What was Athens?
• Athens began as a small
mountain village around
the year 800 BCE.
• By 430 BCE, Athens was a
city of over 150,000
people, governing an
empire of colonies from
Present-day Italy to
present-day Turkey.
• For a century, Athens was
the greatest naval power
in the Mediterranean
world.
What did it mean to be Athenian?
• Athens took pride in its
democracy and its cultural
heritage.
• Athenians were expected to
participate in government
as a civic duty.
• They believed their trade
and cultural achievements
made Athens the greatest
city-state in all Greece—
especially greater than
Sparta.
What did it mean to be Athenian?
• Boys were taught reading,
writing, mathematics,
music, poetry, sports and
gymnastics.
• Wealthier boys learned
philosophy, ethics and
rhetoric.
• All males received
military training along
with a classical education.
• Even foreigners and slaves
received a basic
education.
What did it mean to be Athenian?
• Athens produced a rich
legacy in the arts and
sciences.
• Theater was invented in
Athens.
• Art, science, philosophy,
literature, medicine and
all learning was greatly
valued.
Athenian Democracy
• Athens developed their
government, known as a
democracy, around 500
BCE.
• Democracy comes from
the Greek words “demos”
(people) and “kratios”
(rule or govern)
• Athens had a direct
democracy: All male
citizens had the right-and
duty-to participate in
government.
Democracy of Ancient Athens – 450 BCE
GENERALS (STRATEGOS)
• Ten citizens with
military experience
elected by the Assembly.
• Often served for over
one year during wartime.
• Had special powers.
MAGISTRATES
(ARCHONS)
• Elected every year.
•Presided over Jury
Courts
• Had police powers
over the polis.
PRIESTS
(BASILEUS)
• Nine citizens
elected by the
Assembly.
• Special religious
and administrative
powers.
COUNCIL OF 500 (BOULE)
• 50 men from each of Athens’ 10 tribes.
• Elected every year by the Assembly.
• Administered Laws passed by the Assembly.
• Its leader changed daily.
• Each citizen can only be elected twice to the
Boule in their lifetime.
PRYTANY
• Committee of 50 men
who managed the work of
the Boule.
• Elects the Assembly
speaker who keeps order at
the Assembly meetings.
ASSEMBLY (ECCLESIAE) – All citizens of Athens
• Male adults born in Athens to Athenian parents.
• Male adults born elsewhere to Athenian parents.
• Met every 9 days on the Pynx, a hill at the foot of the Acropolis.
• Debated and voted on all Athenian laws and policies.
• Elected Council of 500, the generals , priests, judges and other
officials.
POLIS – Entire Population of Athens (about 150,000)
JURY COURTS
(HELIAEA)
• 6000 citizens were
chosen by lot from the
Assembly.
• Dealt with all crimes
except murder.
Athens – Social Classes
• Citizens – Male members of the Assembly
– Aristocrats – wealthy landowners.
– Middle class – small farmers and shopkeepers.
– Thetes – urban craftsmen and workers.
• Metics – Immigrants from outside Athens.
– Couldn’t own land, but could run businesses.
• Slaves – Lowest, but not treated as harshly as
other places.
Women in Athens
• Women had no rights in
Athenian society and
were rarely seen
outside the home.
• Women were the
property of their
husbands and expected
to care for the home.
• Girls received little, if
any formal education.
Activity – Pericle’s Funeral Oration
• Today you will read a
piece of a famous
speech by the Athenian
general and politician
Pericles.
• Each person will select a
paragraph from the
speech to analyze.
• Use the worksheet to
guide you through the
process.
Conclusions
• Based on the speech, what kind of people
were the Athenians?
• What characteristics of Athens or its people
would a Spartan hate? Why?
• Does the speech accurately define what it is to
be Athenian? Why/Why not?