Download War Between Athens and Sparta – the Peloponnesian War

Ch. 9.4
Peloponnesian War pp. 260-263
Name
Essential Question: Why does conflict develop between Athens and Sparta?
How did you feel when one person tries to take charge and tell everyone else what to do?
What happens as a result?
Essential Question Prediction: Why did conflict develop between Sparta and Athens?
War Between Athens and Sparta – the Peloponnesian War
The Delian League
Even after the Persian Wars, the Persians were still a threat to Greek city-states. The city-states joined together in a
league in which each city-state had equal power. They cooperated with each other about defense matters.
1. Athens formed a league with other city-states. ___________ did not join this league.
2. The Delian League's headquarters was located on the island of __________.
3. The league was formed to ____________ its city-states against the _________________.
4. Athens provided __________ and ____________; while others provided _________ and ____________.
5. The league will drive Persia out of Anatolia (Asia Minor) causing Greece to grow ____________ from
increased ____________.
The league will eventually fail because Athens, the strongest city-state, began to control the other member citystates.
What role did Pericles have in this?
 He treated the other city-states like _________ and demanded strict ________ and regular payment of _____.
 He even insisted that the other city-states use _____________ coinage and measurements.
War Breaks Out
_____________ led other city-states against Athens.
Peloponnesian League formed in southern Greece.
Sparta declared _________ on Athens in 431 B.C.
Continued until 404 B.C. with truce in between for a few years
Pericles’ Funeral Oration
During a public funeral to honor the dead, Pericles spoke of the greatness of Athens.
Encouraged citizens to fight and protect democracy.
This excerpt is from a speech by the Athenian leader Pericles around 431 B.C., after the first battles of the
Peloponnesian War. The speech was given at an Athenian funeral for slain soldiers. It is from an account by the Greek
historian Thucydides. Funerals after the first battles were public rituals in Athens. Pericles used the occasion to make
a statement about the bravery of the soldiers and why it was necessary to fight for Athenian democracy. The funeral
was held during the first winter of the Peloponnesian War. Pericles’ speech is still widely read today. The
Peloponnesian War lasted for 27 years.
Directions Read the following excerpt and think about why Pericles would remind Athenians, in the first year of the
war, why it was important to defend democracy.
Excerpt from Pericles’s Funeral Oration
Thus choosing to die resisting, rather than to live submitting, they ... met danger face to face ... So died these men
as became Athenians. You, their survivors, must determine to have as unfaltering [loyal] a resolution in the field,
though you may pray that it may have a happier issue. ... [Y]ou must yourselves realize the power of Athens, and ...
you must reflect that it was by courage, sense of duty, and a keen feeling of honor in action that men were enabled
to win all this, and that no personal failure in an enterprise could make them consent to deprive their country of
their valor, but they laid it at her feet as the most glorious contribution that they could offer. For this offering of
their lives ... that each of them individually received ... [the] noblest of shrines wherein their glory is laid up to be
eternally remembered upon every occasion on which deed or story shall call for its commemoration. ... These take
as your model and, judging happiness to be the fruit of freedom and freedom of valor, never decline the dangers of
war.
1. When did Pericles make his speech?
2. What did Pericles say the slain men had met face-to-face?
3. Is Pericles proud of the men for dying in battle? Why or why not?
Critical Thinking
4. Why do you think Pericles reminded Athenians during the first year of war of the importance in fighting for
Athenian democracy?
Athens loses the war
Sparta had Athens __________________.
Pericles kept the people within the city and had the ______ bring in ___________.
_____________ broke out in Athens, killing _______________ and 1/3 of the population.
The war continued for _______ years with each side winning some battles.
Athens _____________ the war
Sparta made a deal with the ____________________.
Sparta gave up ________________ in return for _____________ to build a _____________.
The new navy destroyed the weakened navy of Athens.
Sparta blockaded Athens so that no ___________ or ______________ could get in.
Starving, Athens surrendered a year later.
How was this different from what Pericles had done earlier?
Placing a blockade around a town, a city, or a country has been used as a military strategy throughout history.
The goal of a blockade is to force one side to surrender by cutting off supplies, such as food.
How might the people living in a blockaded city or town get around the blockade?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a blockade for those who enforce it?
Advantages –
Disadvantages –
Effects of the war
Peloponnesian War left city-states _____________.
____________ were destroyed and many died.
Thousands left Greece and joined the _______________ army.
____________________ was the most powerful city-state for about 30 years.
Other city-states did not like Sparta’s cruel treatment.
_______________ seized Sparta.
Fighting between city-states left them open for outside attack.
Thebes falls after 10 years and _____________________ takes over Greece.
A famous Greek historian, Thucydides, who lived during the Peloponnesian War, said, “War is a violent teacher."
What do you think he meant by that?
Why did conflict develop between Athens and Sparta?
How could the results of the Peloponnesian War have been avoided?