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Activities in 2009
Crustacean (penaeid shrimp) diseases
Donald V. Lightner
Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory (APL), Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology
The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Tel.: (1-520) 621.84.14, Fax: (1-520) 621.48.99
[email protected]
Summary of general activities related to crustacean (penaeid shrimp)
diseases: Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis (IHHNV),
White spot disease (WSSV), Taura syndrome (TSV), Tetrahedral
baculovirosis (BP), Spherical baculovirosis (MBV), Infectious myonecrosis
and other significant penaeid shrimp diseases being considered for listing
by the OIE Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission
1.
Test(s) in use/or available for the specified disease at your laboratory
The Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory (APL) of the University of Arizona provided fee-for-service diagnostic
and surveillance testing to the international shrimp farming industry in 2009. As a summary of the general
activities related to crustacean (penaeid shrimp) diseases, the APL provided surveillance testing using the
recommended methods outlined the Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals (OIE 2006, 2009). For most
specimens submitted for surveillance testing for Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis (IHHNV),
White spot disease (WSSV), Taura syndrome (TSV), Tetrahedral baculovirosis (BP), Spherical baculovirosis
(MBV), Infectious myonecrosis (IMNV), Yellowhead (YHV/GAV), Penaeus vannamei nodavirus (PvNV),
Mourilian vrius disease (MoV), and Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (NHP-B), the methods used were PCR, RTPCR. In 2009, the APL processed and reported on 358 case submissions, representing ~20,000 individual
crustaceans (mostly penaeid shrimp or fresh feeds for penaeid shrimp). Of these 358 case submissions, ~70% were
submitted for surveillance testing using OIE recommended methods, and ~30% were submitted for diagnostic
testing using histological, microbiological, gene probes using ISH, antibody-based IHC or ELISA, or other
methods.
2.
Production and distribution of diagnostic reagents
Except for the IQ2000 kit for diagnosis of YHV/GAV, the University of Arizona (UAZ) Aquaculture Pathology
Laboratory (APL) either makes in house (or has made) in the case of PCR/RT-PCR oligo nucleotide primers or
labelled probes for real-time PCR/RT-PCR) for all diagnostic tests run by the laboratory for OIE-listed shrimp
diseases (see Point #1 above for list of listed diseases and the diagnostic tests routinely run at the UAZ APL.
Activities specifically related to the mandate
of OIE Reference Laboratories
3.
International harmonisation and standardisation of methods for diagnostic testing or the
production and testing of vaccines
Ring-test of PCR/RT-PCR detection methods for WSSV, TSV and NHP:
Ring-tests in Mexico, Panama, USA-Texas, Ecuador, Vietnam and Madagascar: During 2009 the UAZ APL
organized a series of inter-laboratory tests (ring-tests) for PCR/RT-PCR detection of WSSV, TSV, IHHNV, YHV,
IMNV, and NHP-B. There were 4 participating laboratories in Mexico, 3 in Vietnam, one in USA-Texas, one in
Panama, one in Ecuador, and one in Madagascar. Additional “ring tests are planned for 2010.
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009
1
Crustacean (penaeid shrimp) diseases
For additional information on topics related to standardization of diagnostic methods, see other sections of this
report
4.
2
Preparation and supply of international reference standards for diagnostic tests or vaccines
Date
Contact person,
Institution, Country
Material provided
Quantity
sent
Purpose
1/13/09
Bright Singh, NCAAH, India
MBV+ hepatopancreas
3 tubes
Positive control
1/23/09
Luis Mathew
Agrobiotek Guatemala
NHP+ plasmid DNA
4 tubes
Positive controls
1/28/09
Ivone Giffard, UABC, Mexico
IHHNV, WSSV, TSV, YHV,
NHP-infected tissue
5 tubes
Positive controls
2/2/09
Hui Gong
University of Guam
Inoculum: WSSV, IHHNV,
IMNV, YHV, TSV (HI,
Belize)
6 bags
Generating infected
shrimp
2/23/09
Tricia Varner
TVMD, Texas
IMNV-infected tissue
2 tubes
Positive control
2/25/09
Eliane Chungue
Institut Pasteur de
Madagascar/LES
HPV, IHHNV, WSSV, NHP,
TSV, YHV, IMNV, Ric
infected tissues/plasmid
DNA/blocks
8 tubes
8 tubes
Positive controls
3/10/09
Victor Moreno
Mexico (actual location)
WSSV, TSV, YHV, SPF
tissues
4 bags
Positive/Negative
controls
3/30/09
Amando Hung - Peru
WSSV, TSV, YHV tissues
3 tubes
Positive controls
4/3/09
Diana Chee, Singapore
NHP, IHHNV tissues
2 tubes
Positive controls
4/21/09
RGCA
BP PCR kit
1 kit
BP detection
4/22/09
JinZeng Yang
University of Hawaii
Hawaii TSV-infected tissues
35 g
Generating TSVinfected shrimp
4/27/09
J.S. Montalvo, National de
Sanidad, Mexico
IMNV, TSV, YHV, IHHNV,
WSSV, NHP
6 tubes
Positive controls
4/27/09
James Munro, Cefas, UK
IHHNV,IMNV tissue
homogenate, MBV/HPV
infected tissues
3 bags
Positive infected
shrimp
7/01/09
Diana Chee - Singapore
TSV, YHV, WSSV-infected
tissues
3 tubes
Positive infected
shrimp tissues
7/07/09
IS Bright Singh - Cochin
Univesrity, India
YHV-infected tissues
1 tube
Positive control
tissue
7/14/09
Tom Srisuvan - National
Institute Animal Health Thailand
IMNV, MBV, NHP infected
tissues; BP, HPV +C plasmid
5 tubes
Positive controls
9/02/09
Tom Srisuvan - National
Institute Animal Health Thailand
HPV + C n(extracted DNA)
1 tube
Replacement for
7/14/09
11/03/09
Ebersole - DuPont, USA
SPF P. monodon, P. vannamei
2 bags
WSSV detection kit
development
11/17/09
MPEDA - India
BP PCR detection kit
1 kit
BP PCR detection
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009
Crustacean (penaeid shrimp) diseases
5.
Date
Contact person,
Institution, Country
Material provided
Quantity
sent
Purpose
12/02/09
John Robinson, Animal Health
Centre, Canada
YHV, TSV, WSSV-infected
tissues and positive control
plasmids
7 tubes
PCR controls
12/02/09
Carrie Cook, Aova Technologies
Wisconsin, USA
IMNV capsid protein
(partial, 29 kDa)
1 tube
Generating antibody
against IMNV
Research and development of new procedures for diagnosis and control
For additional information on topics related to the development and standardization of diagnostic methods, see
other sections of this report.
6.
Collection, analysis and dissemination of epizootiological data relevant to international disease
control
For additional information on this and related topics see other sections of this report.
7.
Provision of consultant expertise to OIE or to OIE Members
At the request of Dr. Robert Costa of L’Etablissement de Régulation des Prix Agricoles (ERPA) and the
Gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Direction des Affaires Vétérinaires, Alimentaires et Rurales, Service
Des Laboratoires Officiels Veterinaires, Agroalimentaires Et Phytosanitaires de la Nouvelle Caledonie (LNC),
APL provided diagnostic and consulting services on a severe disease outbreak in New Caledonian shrimp farms
due to IHHNV.
8.
Provision of scientific and technical training to personnel from other OIE Members
My laboratory provided training to the international shrimp farming industry through its regular Shrimp Pathology
Short Course summarized below:
a. Annual Shrimp Pathology Short Course. Twenty-one regular summer session short courses have been given on
the University of Arizona campus since the first was offered in 1989. There were 17 participants in the 2009
Short Course. Since 1989, 571 students from 57 countries or territories have been trained in shrimp pathology
and methods for disease diagnosis in these 21 Annual Shrimp Pathology Short Courses. When the students
from the approximately 35 special workshops and short courses given abroad are added to the regular short
course total, nearly 1,500 students from 58 countries have received formal training in shrimp pathology and
diagnostic methods from the APL as of December 2009.
9.
Provision of diagnostic testing facilities to other OIE Members
None in 2009.
10. Organisation of international scientific meetings on behalf of OIE or other international bodies
None in 2009.
11. Participation in international scientific collaborative studies
Summary: During 2009 my laboratory collaborated with a number of other university laboratories, governments,
or companies on shrimp disease and/or shrimp health management projects of mutual interest. Some collaborative
efforts have resulted in publications or presentations, many of which were coauthored with our international
collaborators. These publications and presentations are listed in section 12 of this report.
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009
3
Crustacean (penaeid shrimp) diseases
Dr S.M. Moss, S.M. Arce, and Dr. A.C. Ostrowski, The Oceanic Institute, Oahu, Hawaii, USA – on the
development of additional selected lines of domesticated SPF and SPF/SPR lines of Penaeus vannamei.
Dr G.W. Chamberlain, Integrated Aquaculture International, St. Louis, MO 63129 USA and Brunei – on the
development of SPF domesticated Penaeus monodon and Penaeus stylirostris.
Dr M. Le Groumellec and V. Rigolet, AQUALMA, UNIMA, Mahajunga, Madagascar – on the development of
SPF domesticated Penaeus monodon and on developing diagnostic tests for HPV, the agent of P. monodon slow
growth disease, and a rickettsial-like bacterium that causes Milky Hemolymph Disease (MHD) in shrimp.
Host visiting scholar Isabel Isabel Muller, a PhD candidate from Brazil, on project to genotype WSSV isolates
from Brazil. Work done in collaboration with Dr. Maria Risoleta F. Marques, Depto. de Bioquimica, CCB
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianopolis, SC, Brasil and funded by the CAPES Foundation of
Brasil.
Host visiting scholar Dr. Dongchun Yan, Ludong University, Yantai, P.R. China for project on improvements in
shrimp virus detection by PCR. Funded by a fellowship from the Chinese government.
Host visiting scholar Dr. Dang Thi Hoang Oanh, College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Cantho University,
Vietnam, on joint research effort on WSSV, IMNV, and a new fish parasite. Funded by a 6 week overseas research
fellowship from the Vietnamese government.
Host visiting Fulbright scholar Dr. Celia Lavilla Pitogo from the South East Asia Fisheries Development Center,
(SEAFDEC), Iloilo, Philippines on genotyping IHHNV isolates from the Philippines and SE Asia. Funded by a 5
month Fulbright Scholarship.
12. Publication and dissemination of information relevant to the work of OIE (including list of
scientific publications, internet publishing activities, presentations at international conferences)

Presentations at international conferences and meetings
Lightner, D.V., R.M. Redman, K.F.J. Tang-Nelson, C.R. Pantoja, L.M. Nunan, S.A. Navarro, B.L. Noble & L.L.
Mohney. Examples of Non-Viral, Emerging Diseases of Farmed Shrimp. Presented Feb. 18, 2009 at Aquaculture
America 2009, Seattle, WA.
Lightner, D.V., R.M. Redman, K.F.J. Tang-Nelson, C.R. Pantoja, S.A. Navarro, B.L. Noble & L.L. Mohney.
Economically important & emerging diseases of farmed shrimp & on-farm diagnostic technologies. Presented
March 3, 2009, to the Scientific Advisory Board, Neogen Corporation, Lansing, MI, USA.
Lightner, D.V. The World Animal Health Organization (Office International des Epizooties - OIE): Steps to listing
a disease using shrimp diseases as the example. Presented to the Seminar Series, Department of Veterinary
Science and Microbiology. Presented at Tucson, AZ on March 23, 2009.
Pantoja, C.R., D.V. Lightner, R.M. Redman, K.F.J. Tang-Nelson, L.M. Nunan, S.A. Navarro, B.L. Noble & L.L.
Mohney. Non-Viral and emerging diseases of farmed shrimp. Presented to Aquaculture America 2009, Veracruz,
Mexico, September 29, 2009.
Lightner, D.V. (Invited keynote). The global status of significant infectious diseases of farmed shrimp. Presented
to the Symposium for Integrated Technologies for Advanced Shrimp Production. Honolulu, HI. October 13-15,
2009.
Lightner, D.V. (Invited keynote), R.M. Redman, K.F.J. Tang-Nelson, C.R. Pantoja, L.M. Nunan, S.A. Navarro,
B.L. Noble & L.L. Mohney. Non-viral and emerging diseases of farmed shrimp. Presented to Production
Sustentable, El Equilibrio en la Gestion de los Recursos Demuestra Rentabilidad, III Simposio Anual Nicovita,
Guatemala City, Guatemala, December 1-3, 2009.

Scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals
Wertheim, J.O., K.F.J Tang, S.A. Navarro, and D.V. Lightner. 2009. A quick fuse and the emergence of Taura
syndrome virus. Virology 390(2): 324-329.
4
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009
Crustacean (penaeid shrimp) diseases
Andrade, T.P.D and D.V. Lightner. 2009. Development of a method for the detection of infectious myonecrosis
virus by reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification and nucleic acid lateral flow hybrid assay.
Journal of Fish Diseases 32: 911-924.
Navarro, S.A., K.F.J. Tang and D.V. Lightner. 2009. An improved Taura syndrome virus (TSV) RT-PCR using
newly designed primers. Aquaculture 293(2): 290-292.
Heres, A., and D.V. Lightner. 2009. Phylogenetic analysis of the pathogenic bacteria Spiroplasma penaei based on
multilocus sequence analysis. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 103: 30-35.
Yan, Dongchun, K.F.J. Tang and D.V. Lightner. 2009. Advance in Penaeid Shrimp Infectious Myonecrosis).
Marine Sciences 33: 89-91. (In Chinese).
Yan, Dongchun, K.F.J. Tang and D.V. Lightner. 2009. Development of a real-time PCR assay for detection of
Penaeus monodon baculovirus (MBV). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 102: 97-100.
Lightner, D.V., C.R. Pantoja, R.M. Redman, K.W. Hasson and J.P. Menon. 2009. Case reports of melamineinduced pathology in penaeid shrimp fed adulterated feeds. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 86: 107-112.
Cote, I.,B.T. Poulos, R.M. Redman and D.V. Lightner. 2009. Development and characterization of a monoclonal
antibody against Taura syndrome virus. Journal of Fish Diseases 32: 989-996.
Andrade, T.P.D., T. Srisuvan, K.F.J. Tang and D.V. Lightner. 2009. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase
chain reaction assay using TaqMan probe for detection and quantification of Infectious myonecrosis virus
(IMNV). Aquaculture 264: 9-15.
Davidson, E.W., J. Snyder, D. Lightner, G. Ruthig1a, J. Lucas and J. Gilley. In press. Exploration of potential
microbial control agents for the invasive crayfish, Orconectes virilis. Biological Control.
Cote, I., and D.V. Lightner. Submitted. Development and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against Taura
syndrome virus. Journal of Fish Diseases.
Lightner, D.V. Submitted. Virus diseases of farmed shrimp in the Western Hemisphere. In: G. Stentiford (editor)
Diseases of Commercially Exploited Crustaceans. Special issue of the Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
Cote, I., and D.V. Lightner. In press. Hyperthermia does not protect Kona stock Penaeus vannamei against
infection by the Belize-02 isolate of Taura syndrome virus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms.

Other communications
OIE 2009 Diagnostic Manual for Aquatic Animal Diseases 6 th Edition. Office International des Epizooties (OIE),
Paris.
- Chapter 1.1.3. (co-author). Disinfection of Crustacean Farms, Section C of Methods for Disinfection of
Aquaculture Establishments, pp 31-42.
- Chapter 2.2.0. Diseases of crustaceans, General Information. pp. 55-62
- Chapter 2.2.2. Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis. pp. 78-95.
- Chapter 2.2.3. Infectious Myonecrosis Virus. pp. 96-104.
- Chapter 2.2.4. Taura Syndrome. pp. 105-120.
Lightner, D.V., R.M. Redman, S. Arce, and S.M. Moss. 2009. Specific pathogen-free shrimp stocks in shrimp
farming facilities as a novel method for disease control in crustaceans. Chapter 16, pp. 384-424, in: Shellfish
Safety and Quality, S. Shumway and G. Rodrick (editors), Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, England.
Andrade, T.P.D., and D.V. Lightner. 2009. New hybrid assay can detect IMNV in resource-poor settings. Global
Aquaculture Advocate, July/August, 67-68.
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009
5
Crustacean (penaeid shrimp) diseases
Houghton, R.L., J. Chen, S. Morkowski1, S. Raychaudhuri, C. Pantoja, B.T. Poulos and D.V. Lightner. 2009.
Rapid test detects NHP in penaeid shrimp. Global Aquaculture Advocate July/August, 64.
Tang, K.F.J., J.O. Wertheim, S.A. Navarro and D.V. Lightner. 2009. Evolutionary history of Taura syndrome
virus. Global Aquaculture Advocate. September/October, 104-105.
Lightner, D.V. 2009. Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) and Specific Pathogen Resistant (SPR) Stocks for Shrimp
Aquaculture. INDAQUA, Exposition on aquaculture to highlight the development and advancement of
aquaculture in India. Held 21-23 January 2009 at Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India. Sponsored by the Marine Products
Export Development Authority (MPEDA).
Lightner, D.V., R.M. Redman, C.R. Pantoja, S.A. Navarro, K.F.J. Tang-Nelson, B.L. Noble and L.M. Nunan.
2009. Emerging non-viral infectious and noninfectious diseases of farmed penaeid shrimp and other decapods. pp
46-52 in Browdy C.L., and D.E. Jory, editors. The Rising Tide, Proceedings of the Special Session on Sustainable
Shrimp Farming, Aquaculture 2009, Veracruz, Mexico. The World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge. Louisiana,
U.S.A.
Lightner, D.V., and R.M. Redman. Submitted. The global status of significant infectious diseases of farmed
shrimp. Proceedings of Integrated Technologies for Advanced Shrimp Production. Aquaculture Interchange
Program, 2009 Workshop, October 13-15, 2009, Honolulu, Hawaii.
13. Inscription of diagnostic kits on the OIE Register
i)
Did you participate in expert panels for the validation of candidate kits for inscription on the
OIE Register? If yes, for which kits?
No.
ii)
Did you submit to the OIE candidate kits for inscription on the OIE Register? If yes, for
which kits?
No
_______________
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Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009