Download Chapter 1 D Study Guide Answers

Chapter 1 D Study Guide
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Name:_____________________
A substance made of only one type of atom is called element
The most common element in the universe is hydrogen
Mg⁺² is a magnesium ion that has lost 2 electrons
Most elements on the periodic table are _metals__________
The rows of the periodic table are called ___periods_____
Atomic size generally __increases___from the top of a group to the bottom
When a _radioactive_ _atom_ produces a particle and energy, it can change the # of protons in the
nucleus which changes the atom into an atom of a _different_ element (1.3D)
The least active elements are noble gases which are family # _18___
Protons are located in the __nucleus_ and have a _positive_charge.
Electrons are located outside the nucleus_ and have a _negative charge.
Neutrons are located __in the nucleus__ and have a _neutral (no)_ charge.
The 3 forms of elements on the periodic table are metals_, __nonmetals_, metalloids.
The 3 states of matter of elements are solid, liquid, gas.
_Metals_ are good conductors of _electricity_ and heat. They are shiny and are easily _shaped__,
which means that they are __malleable__.
Nonmetals__ are poor conductors of _electricity__ and heat. They are brittle__solids. They are mostly
the _gases__ that make up the air we breathe.
Transition metals are easily shaped but DO NOT react easily. When combined they make _alloys__ (ex
Brass – combo of copper & zinc).
_Metalloids _ have some properties of both metals & nonmetals.
Lanthanides & Actinides are rare earth metals and are hard to _isolate_ in pure_ form.
Groups are also called __families___.
Group 17 is called the halogen_ group. They get their name from a Greek word meaning “salt formers
they are often used to kill bacteria.
The noble gas family # 18_, NEVER react_; NEVER form compounds_.
Group 1 = alkali metals they have __1_ valence electron.
Group 2 = alkaline earth metals they have __2__ valence electrons
Group 3-12 = transition metals they have _____ valence electrons
Group 17 = halogens_; they have __7___ valence electrons
Group 18 = noble gases; they have ____8___ valence electrons
The only 2 liquids @ room temperature on the periodic table are Mercury (Hg) & Bromine (Br).
If you have carbon-12 and carbon -14, which means they have a different number of neutrons_, the
atoms are different isotopes.
The earth’s crust consists mostly of oxygen atoms; humans consist mostly of carbon & oxygen atoms.
If an atom gains an electron, it is a negative ion, if an atom loses an electron it is a positive ion.
SURVEY OF KNOWLEDGE:
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ATOMIC NUMBER
MASS # - ATOMIC NUMBER
# of protons + number of neutrons
Groups/families
Number of valence e, similar properties, group
Periods
Number of electron rings = period number
Valence electron is electron in an atoms outer electron ring
Group numer
2
8
Alkali metals
1
Alkaline earth metals
2
Carbon group
4
Halogen
7
Noble gases
8
Helium, it has 2 valence electrons
2
Ion
Lose 1 electron
+1
Take 1 electron
-1
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
“Givers & Takers” forming IONS
Family/Group Alkali
Alkaline
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Halogens
Noble
Name
Family/Group
Number
# of Valence
Electrons
# of empty
spaces for e⁻
Giver/Taker
of e⁻
Charge of ion
Which group
might it bond
with?
Metals
1
Earth
Metals
2
Family
Family
Family
Family
Family
Gases
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
G
G
G
G/T
T
T
T
Neither
+1
+2
+3
+4/-4
-3
-2
-1
Does not
form ions
17
16
15
14
13
2
1
none
20 Facts to know from Chapter 1D
1. Charges: protons = positive, electrons = negative, neutrons = non
2. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom.
3. Electrons move around the nucleus in electron rings or shells or energy levels.
4. Atomic number is equal to the number of protons, and is unique to each element
5. The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons in a balanced atom, but not in an ION
6. The atomic mass (rounded off) is equal to the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
7. To figure out the number of neutrons, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass.
8. The first electron shell holds 2 electrons, while the ones after that hold up to 8 electrons
9. Families/groups are columns on the periodic table and are elements that share similar properties.
10. Periods are rows on the periodic table and have the same number of electron rings.
11. Changing the number of protons in an atom makes it a different ELEMENT!
12. Changing the number of neutrons in an atom makes it a different ISOTOPE!
13. Changing the number of electrons in an atom makes it an ION!
14. Metals are malleable, shiny and good conductors
15. Nonmetals are gases or dull solids and poor conductors
16. Metalloids can be used a semiconductors because they have properties of metals and nonmetals
17. Noble gases almost never react with other elements
18. The most reactive metals are Alkali Metals –group 1
19. Halogens are the most reactive nonmetals and are used in cleaning agents
20. Transition metals are in the middle of the periodic table.