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Designing Networks of
Marine Protected Areas to be
Resilient to Climate Change:
A Case Study From Kimbe Bay, PNG
Alison Green, The Nature Conservancy
Photo: David Wachenfeld
Climate Change
Major Threats
Rising sea temperatures
Sea level rise
Changing ocean chemistry
Increasing severity and
frequency major storms
Changes in precipitation,
droughts & land run-off
Changing ocean currents
Resilience Principles
for MPA Network Deign
•Spreading risk through representation and replication
•Identifying and protecting critical areas, particularly those
more likely to survive
•Understanding and incorporating patterns of connectivity
•Ensuring reefs are as healthy as possible
Habitats Most Likely to Survive
Topography
Habitats Most Likely to Survive
Adjacent Land Use
Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea
World’s First Scientific Design
of a Resilient MPA Network Design
Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea
Areas of Interest
Resilient MPA Network
Design Training
Questions?
Resilience Principles
Risk spreading (representation & replication)
Resilience Principles
Addressing other threats
destructive fishing practices
overfishing
forestry
large scale agriculture
Global bleaching reports to 1998 (ReefBase)
Global bleaching reports to 2003 (ReefBase)
Wide variety of marine habitats in close proximity
Shallow water (coral reefs, seagrasses, mangroves)
Deepwater habitats (oceanic waters, seamounts etc)
• Most in good to excellent condition, high conservation value:
• Coral Triangle (global center of marine biodiversity)
• Globally significant oceanic waters (toothed whales & pelagic fish)
Kimbe Bay
Large, well defined bay (140 x 70 kms)
Natural seascape for MPA network design
Dramatic bathymetry: coastal shelf (to 200m), most deep (600 to >2000m)
Climate Change is Here!
Profound impacts on coral reefs and associated ecosystems
Resilience Principles
Understanding and incorporating
patterns of connectivity
Australian Coral Reef Society
Resilience Principles
Understanding and incorporating
patterns of connectivity