Download Nothing exists except atoms and empty space

Atoms Unit
Matter’s Building Blocks
“Nothing exists except atoms and empty space;
everything else is opinion”
Democritus
Greek Philosopher, 460-370bc
Section 1A – Atoms Must Know Vocabulary!
Below is a list of the vocabulary terms used in this unit. By the end of the unit, you
should be able to write a working definition of each term and correctly use each
term in a sentence.
alchemy
amu
atom
atomic mass
atomic mass number
atomic mass unit
atomic number
cathode ray
chemical symbol
Dalton's atomic theory
Democritus
Dmitri Mendeleev
electron
Ernst Rutherford
gram
group
Henry Mosely
isotope
J J Thompson
James Chadwick
John Dalton
mass number
neutron
nucleus
period
periodic table
plum pudding model
proton
scientific notation
subatomic particle
Section 1B –– Mastery Objectives and Critical Skills
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Describe the historical evolution of the atomic model from early Greek to
modern times.
List the three subatomic particles that make up atoms and describe their
location and 3 key facts about each.
Explain how atoms of different elements differ from each other
List and explain 3 key properties that can be used to sort elements into
different groups.
Give one example of how each subatomic particle influences the properties of
the element.
Describe the subatomic differences between the isotopes of atoms of the
same element.
Determine the atomic mass of an element based on its isotopes and their
relative abundance
Using the scientific method, build and test a model that explains another
objects’ internal organization.
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Atoms Unit
Section 2A –Required Readings covered on Tests and Quizzes
1) Wilbraham, Staley, Matta and Waterman, Chemistry, pp 107-113; 115-121.
2) John Godfrey Saxe “The Blind Men and the Elephant”
Section 2B –Websites to help with OCAs and Extend Your
Knowledge
see the wiki for current listings of key URLS
Section 3 –Anticipated In Class Activities
1) Lecture / slides
2) Demonstrations
a) Atomic Size
b) Scattering demo
c) Cathode Rays and Electrons
3) Student Labs and Activities
a) Black Box Investigation
b) Isotopes and the Atomic Mass of Pennium
c) Patterns and Periodicity
4) Student Project –Representative Elements – Part I
5) Videos
a) “The Elements” with Roger McGough
Section 4 –– Outside Class Assignments
Thoughtfully answer each of the following questions or comments. Include all your
reasoning and show all your work wherever it is appropriate. To receive any credit for
a question, your answer must be a correctly numbered restatement of the question or
statement followed by a series of complete sentences. No phrases, partial answers or
isolated numbers will be given credit! Your answer must stand alone without the reader
knowing the question asked or statement made.
Due dates for each assignment will be given in class. (Please remember - homework
that is passed in late – not when collected during class) is automatically discounted 15%
of total possible points.)
1. Create a concept map for the following set of terms: atom, electron, neutron,
proton, isotope, atomic mass, atomic mass number, atomic number, amu, nucleus,
and mass number.
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Atoms Unit
2. Each scientist bases his/her work on that of their predecessors. Using the
presentation s and the readings list five main contributors to the atomic theory
and explain what and how each contributed to the modern atomic theory.
3. Read the attached poem “The Blind Man and the Elephant” by John Godfrey
Saxe.
a. Why did the blind men have such different impressions of the elephant?
b. Why didn’t the blind men look further for the truth?
c. Describe a time when you jumped to a conclusion about something and later
found out you only had part of the story or truth.
d. How does this poem reflect the history of atomic theory?
4. Why is an atom considered a basic building blocks of matter even though smaller
particles such as protons and neutrons make them up?
5. Imagine “standing” on top of a carbon 14 nucleus,
a. Describe the numbers and kinds of subatomic particles you would see looking
straight down at your feet.
b. Describe the numbers and kinds of subatomic particles you would see looking
out from where you are standing.
c. If the bulk of an atom is empty space, why don’t we fall through the seat of
a chair when we try to sit down or slip through walls when we lean against
them?
6. You are already familiar with the law of conservation of mass. Explain this law
using Dalton’s atomic theory.
7. Diamond and graphite are both composed only of carbon atoms. The density of
diamond is 3.52 g/cm3. The density of graphite is 2.25 g/cm3.
a. Use modern atomic theory and your imagination to explain how carbon can
have two different densities.
b. Which would weigh more, a cubic inch of graphite or a cubic inch of diamond?
Explain your answer by showing your reasoning.
8. Complete the attached “Table of Elements” at the back of the packet.
9. What data must you know about the isotopes of an element in order to calculate
the atomic mass of the element?
10. Calculate the atomic mass of bromine. One isotope of bromine has an atomic
mass of 78.62 amu and makes up about 50.7% of all naturally occurring bromine.
The second isotope of bromine has an atomic mass of 80.92 amu.
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Atoms Unit
11. Uranium has three common isotopes. If the abundance of 234U is 0.01%, the
abundance of 235U is 0.71% and the reminder is 238U, what is the atomic mass of
uranium?
12. The periodic table has been called the central tool of modern chemists.
a. Why is it called the periodic table?
b. How are the periodic table and the periodic law related?
c. You are expected to memorize the symbols and locations of 50 elements in
the periodic table. The names for those fifty elements are given below. Fill
in the attached periodic table with the correct symbols and locations for
each of these fifty elements.
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Atoms Unit
The Table of Elements
Atomic
Mass
Number
Number
20
196
Number of
Protons
Humber of
neutrons
20
14
14
Number of
Electrons
117
17
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Symbol of
Element
Atoms Unit
The First Fifty Elements
Element
Symbol
Element
Aluminum
Phosphorus
Antimony
Platinum
Argon
Potassium
Arsenic
Radon
Astatine
Selenium
Barium
Silicon
Beryllium
Silver
Boron
Sodium
Bromine
Stron tium
Calcium
Sulfur
Carbon
Tantalum
Cesium
Tin
Chlorine
Tungsten
Chromium
uranium
Cobalt
Vanadium
Copper
Zinc
Fluorine
Francium
Germanium
Gold
Helium
Hydrogen
Iodine
Iron
Lead
Lithium
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdenum
Neon
Nickel
Nitrogen
Oxygen
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Symbol