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Name _____________________________________________________ Date _____ Hr. ______ Presentation Guide 5.1: Early Greeks and the Rise of the City-States 1. What are the two objectives for this presentation? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 2. What geographic feature played an important part in the lives of the Greeks? _____________ 3. How did geography cause problems for the early Greeks? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 4. What did the Greeks form instead of a united kingdom? ______________________________ 5. What and when was the earliest Greek civilization known? ___________________________ 6. What king built his palace in the city of Knossos? ___________________________________ 7. What did the Minoans possibly worship? __________________________________________ 8. What did the Minoans do for a living? ____________________________________________ 9. What did the Minoans have to support them? ______________________________________ 10. What happened to the Minoans? ________________________________________________ 11. Who moved in and conquered Crete c. 1400 B.C.? _________________________________ 12. During what period did this group also control the Greek mainland? ___________________ 13. How were the Mycenaean organized? ___________________________________________ 14. What did they build in the Peloponnesus as well as in north-central Greece? _____________ 15. What happened to the Mycenaean? _____________________________________________ 16. What important contribution did the Mycenaean make? _____________________________ 17. Why was this important? _____________________________________________________ 18. What formed during the 800s to 700s B.C.? _______________________________________ 19. What does polis mean? _______________________________________________________ 20. Complete the following: __________________ + ______________ + ____________ + ____________________ = polis 21. What kind of community was a polis? _________________________________________ 22. What kinds of competition separated the city-states? _______________ ____________ 23. List 5 characteristics of a city-state: 1. _________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________________ 5. _________________________________________________ 24. What was an agora? ________________________________________ 25. How did many Greeks feel about their city-state? __________________________________ 26. What did Greeks value concerning their polis? ____________________________________ 27. What did each polis have that was its very own? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 28. List four things the Greeks had in common: ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 29. What was an acropolis? ___________________________________________________ Presentation Guide 5.2: Greek Government and Society 1. What kind of government did the Greeks have from 1000-700 B.C.? __________________ 2. What did tribal systems develop into? ___________________________________________ 3. When did new forms of government begin to emerge? ______________________________ 4. Could most Greeks write between 1000 to 700 B.C.? ___________________ 5. List three epic poems that did exist by this period: ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 6. Who is generally given credit for writing down the Iliad and the Odyssey? _______________ 7. What story does the Iliad tell? __________________________________________________ 8. What story does the Odyssey tell? _______________________________________________ 9. What two things did Greek religion not emphasize nor expect? _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 10. What three things did the Greeks look for in their religion? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 11. What did Greeks think happened to most people after death? ____________________________________________________________________ 12. What were the Elysian Fields? ______________________________________________ 13. What was Tartarus? _______________________________________________________ 14. Whom did the Greeks think was king of the gods? _______________________________ 15. Who was Athena? _________________________________________________________ 16. What were oracles? _________________________________________________________ 17. Where was the most important oracle? ___________________________________________ 18. Why were the Olympic games held every four years? _______________________________ 19. Who were the only people who could watch or compete in these games? ________________ 20. When the games probably held for the first time? __________________________________ 21. What did winners receive? ____________________________________________________ 22. Who gained power and overthrew the kings by 700 B.C.? ___________________________ 23. What were aristocracies? _____________________________________________________ 24. What were the three functions of the aristocrats? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 25. Who were the hoplites? ___________________________________________________ 26. What type of weapon did the hoplites carry? ___________________________________ 27. How did the hoplites fight? _________________________________________________ 28. In the early days, what was a tyrant? __________________________________________ 29. Who ruled most Greek city-states from 650-500 B.C.? ____________________________ 30. What happened to the tyrants over time? _______________________________________ 31. Who had no rights in Athenian democracy? _____________________________________ 32. What types of governments did other city-states continue to have? _______________________________________________________________________ Presentation Guide 5.3: Sparta and Athens 1. What was different about Sparta compared to most Greek cities? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. The Equals were descendants of what group? ______________________________________ 3. Who controlled Sparta? ________________________________________________________ 4. How did the conquerors divide up the land they conquered? ___________________________ 5. Who were the Helots? _________________________________________________________ 6. What did each Equal get? ______________________________________________________ 7. Give three characteristics of a half-citizen: 1. _________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________ 8. What did half-citizens not have? ______________________________________ 9. What did most half-citizens do for a living? ________________________________________ 10. Who was the lowest group in Sparta? ____________________________________________ 11. How did this group feel about the Equals? ________________________________________ 12. Why did the Spartans (Equals) form a military society? _____________________________ 13. Who was more numerous, Equals or Helots? ______________________________________ 14. List the three social groups of Sparta: 1. ___________________________________ 2. ___________________________________ 3. ___________________________________ 15. How many kings did Sparta have and why? ________________________________________________________________________ 16. List three characteristics of the Council of Elders: 1. __________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________ 17. List three characteristics of the Assembly: 1. ___________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________ 18. List two duties of an ephor: ________________________ ________________________ 19. What happened to unhealthy babies in Sparta? ____________________________________ 20. At what age were boys sent to live in military barracks? ________________________ 21. Were they fed well in the barracks? ________________________________________ 22. What could they do at 20? _______________________________________________ 23. What could they do at 30? _______________________________________________ 24. Until what age did they have to be available for military service? ______________________ 25. What was required of Spartan girls? __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 26. List four characteristics of “citizens” of Athens: 1. __________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________ 27. List four characteristics of metics: 1. ___________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________________ 4. ___________________________________________________ 28. Where did Athenians get their slaves? ________________________________ 29. How were Athenian slaves treated? __________________________________ 30 Who was elected in time of war? _____________________________________ 31. How many archons were there and how long were their terms in office? ________________ 32. Who could vote in the Assembly? ______________________________________________ 33. Did Athenian women have any rights? ___________________________________________ 34. What could Athenian women not do in public? ____________________________________ 35. Who was Draco? ____________________________________________________________ 36. What did Solon do? __________________________________________________________ 37. Who was Peisistratus? ________________________________________________________ 38. Who was Cleisthenes? _______________________________________________________ 39. How long could members of the Council of 500 serve and what did they do? _______________________________________________________________________ 40. How were jurors chosen? ___________________ How did juries vote? ____________ 41. What is direct democracy? ____________________________________________________ 42. What is representative democracy? ____________________________________________ Presentation Guide 5.4: Life in Athens 1. What did most Athenians do for a living? _________________________________________ 2. What was the mainstay of Athenian economy? _____________________________________ 3. What is “terracing”? __________________________________________________________ 4. What is an “import”? _________________________________________________________ 5. What is an “export”? __________________________________________________________ 6. What types of buildings did the Athenians build? ___________________________________ 7. Did they spend a lot of their income on their homes? ________________________________ 8. Did their houses have plumbing? ________________________________________________ 9. What did Athenian students learn? ________________________________________________________________________ 10. What did Athenian students memorize? ___________________ __________________ 11. Who arranged marriages? ______________________________________________ 12. At what age were girls married? ________________________ 13. How old were the men they often married? _______________________________________ 14. What was the main purpose of marriage? _________________________________________ 15. What happened if a couple could not afford to raise a child? __________________________ 16. Were Athenian women considered citizens? ______________________________________ 17. Could they vote or own property? ______________________________________________ 18. How were Athenian women considered in relation to men? __________________________ 19. What were women required to do when their husbands had guests? ____________________ 20. When could women appear in public? ___________________________________________ 21. What did women’s duties include? ______________________________________________ 22. What kind of education did girls have? __________________________________________ 23. Who was Sappho? ___________________________________________________________ 24. What was a pedagogue? ______________________________________________________ 25. What was the duty of a pedagogue? _____________________________________________ 26. What did boys study in school? ________________________________________________ 27. What were boys required to memorize? __________________________________________ 28. Who opened schools for older boys in the 400s B.C.? _______________________________ 29. What did these higher-level schools offer? ________________________________________ 30. How long did boys receive military training in Athens? _____________________________ 31. At what age did boys received military training? _______________________ 32. Who became hoplites? _______________________________________________________ 33. Where did poorer men serve? __________________________________________________ 34. Who rowed the warships in the Athenian fleet? ____________________________________ 35. Define “ethics”: _____________________________________________________________ 36. Define “rhetoric”: ___________________________________________________________ Presentation Guide 5.5: The Expansion of Greece 1. How did Athens get in trouble with the Persians? ___________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Who wanted revenge against Athens? ____________________________________________ 3. What Greek city-state was burned by the Persians? __________________________________ 4. Who joined forces against the Persians? ___________________________________________ 5. Who was Miltiades? __________________________________________________________ 6. What did Miltiades use against the Persians? _______________________________________ 7. Who won the Battle of Marathon? _______________________________________________ 8. How many Persian lives were lost? ____________________ Greeks? ________________ 9. What Persian led the army for the Second Persian War? ______________________________ 10. How did this Persian army plan to invade Greece? _________________________________ 11. Who was at Thermopylae to stop the Persians? ____________________________________ 12. What happened at Thermopylae? _______________________________________________ 13. What happened to Athens? _________________________________________________ 14. Who was defeated in the naval battle at the Strait of Salamis? ________________________ 15. Who led the Greeks this time? _________________________________________________ 16. Why did the Greeks form the Delian League? _____________________________________ 17. Who led the league? _________________________________________________________ 18. Who moved the funds of the Delian League to Athens and used it on public buildings? _______________________________________ 19. What two city-states fought in the Peloponnesian War? __________________ _________ 20. How long did the war last? ________________________ 21. Who won? _________________________________ 22. Whose help did they use to win? _________________________________ 23. Were the winners of the Peloponnesian War effective leaders after that? ________________ Presentation Guide 6.1-6.2: The Golden Age of Greece 1. Greek art glorified ___________________________________________. 2. Greek art showed pride in their _________________________________. 3. Greek art combined _____________________ and ______________________________. 4. Greek art showed a belief in _________________, ______________. _______, __________. 5. Philosophy is the ____________________________________________________________/ 6. Philosopher means “__________________________________________________.” 7. Most philosophers agreed: All of nature is based on certain ____________________________________. Those laws are uncovered through ___________________________. 8. First philosopher: ____________________________________________________ 9. A person who wants to understand the nature of the universe is a ______________________. 10. Parmenides of Elea set up formal rules of logic for ________________________________. 11. Democritus developed ________________ which believes everything is made up of _____. 12. Socrates, an Athenian, believed that education leads to ____________________________. 13. Socrates did not believe that ______________________ should be used as a teaching tool. 14. Socrates insisted that students _____________________________________. 15. The Socratic Method is a method of __________________________________________. 16. The _________________________ were enemies of Socrates and claimed his teachings _________________________ the minds of Athenian youth and that he __________ the existence of the gods. 17. _____________________ founded the Academy after Socrates’ death. 18. _______________________ were imaginary discussions between Socrates and his students. 19. Plato’s “Theory of Forms” claimed that _________________________________________. 20. Plato claimed that perfection was created by _____________________________ . 21. Plato believed that humans beings were both ___________________ and ______________. 22. Reincarnation reunited _____________________ and ______________________. 23. Plato wrote __________________________ about a perfect society ruled by ____________ 24. ______________________ thought every field of knowledge should be studied logically. 25. ______________________ thought everything could be explained in terms of mathematics. 26. Egyptians made few distinctions between __________________ and ________________. 27. Egyptians explained events as “________________________________________.” 28. Greeks believed the world could be explained in terms of ___________________________. 29. Natural laws could be _____________________, __________________, _______________. 30 Greeks believed in ____________________________ and ___________________________. 31. Hippocrates was the founder of ____________________________________________. 32. Hippocrates used ____________________________, _____________, ________________. 33. Hippocrates recorded ______________________. 34. Hippocrates taught that disease comes from __________________, not as punishment from the gods. 35. Herodotus was the first _________________________ of the western world. 36. Herodotus was often called the “__________________________________.” 37. Thucycdides believed that studying _____________________________________________. 38. Thucydides worked to make __________________________________________________. 39. Greeks were among the first _________________________________________________. 40. In Greek tragedy the main character struggled against _______________________. 41. Tragic heroes were punished for ____________________, the sin of pride. 42. Aeschylus was concerned with ______________________________________________. 43. Sophocles defended ___________________________________________________. 44. Euripides questioned _________________________________ and showed events _______. 45. Greek comedies made fun of ___________________ and ____________________. 46. Aristophanes made fun of ______________________ and his theories about ____________. 47. Aristophanes also used his plays to make Athenians think about _____________________. Presentation Guide 6.3: Alexander the Great 1. Why was Greece in a state of chaos after the Peloponnesian War? ______________________ 2. How did Philip of Macedon become familiar with Greek ways? ________________________ 3. On whom did Philip not rely for his military? ______________________________________ 4. Where did Philip get the soldiers for his army? _____________________________________ 5. How did Philip organize his army? _______________________________________________ 6. Philip began taking control of the Greek city-states. Who opposed him in Athens? ________ 7. Who united Greece? __________________________________________________________ 8. What was Philip’s next plan? ___________________________________________________ 9. What happened to Philip in 336 B.C.? ____________________________________________ 10. Who succeeded Philip? _______________________________________________________ 11. What famous Greek was responsible for Alexander’s education? ______________________ 12. How old was Alexander when he took over? ______________________________________ 13. What was his first action as the new ruler of Greece? _______________________________ 14. What did Alexander do in 331 B.C.? ____________________________________________ 15. How far did Alexander push his troops? __________________________________________ 16. What happened to his troops that caused Alexander to turn back? _____________________ 17. How did Alexander die in 323 B.C.? ____________________________________________ 18. What did Alexander found? ___________________________________________________ 19. Who settled in each city that he built? ____________________ and ___________________ 20. Who worked together to govern Alexander’s empire? _______________________________ 21. What did Alexander spread as he conquered one area after another? ___________________ 22. How long did this culture thrive? _______________________________________________ 23. What were the sections into which Alexander’s empire was divided? __________________, ______________________________, ________________________________________ . 24. Who gained control of Egypt? ________________________________ 25. Who conquered most of the Hellenistic empire? ___________________________________ Presentation Guide 6.4: the Spread of Hellenistic Culture 1. To what place was Greek culture brought during the rule of Alexander? ___________________________________ ___________________ _______________ 2. What influenced Greece at the same time? _________________________________________ 3. List three characteristics of Hellenistic society: ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ 4. Which group thrived during the Hellenistic Age? ___________________________________ 5. What did Alexander build along trade routes? ______________________________________ 6. What was built at the Alexandria in Egypt? ________________________________________ 7. As prosperity led to more education, what happened? ________________________________ 8. How did the role of women change in Greece during the Hellenistic Age? ________________________________________________________________________ 9. What declined during the Hellenistic Age? ________________________________________ 10. Why did many people turn to new religions and philosophies? ________________________ 11. Why did people look to monarchs? _____________________________________________ 12. What did mystery religions and cults provide? ____________________________________ 13. List the characteristics of Cynicism: __________________________, _________________, ___________________________, __________________________________ 14. List the characteristics of Skepticism: _______________________, ___________________ __________________________________________ 15. Who founded Stoicism? ____________________ 16. List four characteristics of Stoicism: ____________________, _______________________ ____________________________________, __________________________________ 17. Who founded Epicureanism? _________________________________________ 18. What were two characteristics of Epicureanism? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 19. List two features of Hellenistic science: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 20. Why didn’t the Greeks try to apply what they learned? ______________________________________________________________ 21. What did Euclid write and what was his interest? ______________________________ 22. Who was the greatest scientist of the Hellenistic Age? ____________________________ 23. List four accomplishments of the greatest scientist: ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 24. What did Hellenistic doctors learn from the Egyptians? _____________________________ 25. What did Herophilus know? __________________________________________________ 26. What did Aristarchus believe? _________________________________________________ 27. Did he convince others? ____________________________ 28. What did Hipparchus use to predict eclipses? __________________________________ 29. What did Eratosthones calculate? _______________________________________________