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THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM SPORTS NUTRITION (P2) Learning Outcomes Understand the process and function of the digestive system Be able to label the digestive system https://youtu.be/_QYwscALNng Label the digestive system The buccal cavity Ingestion takes place and where digestion begins Mechanical digestion Salivary glands secrete saliva, mucus and amylase Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrate which is called chemical digestion The breakdown food is swallowed, known as bolus The oesophagus Takes the bolus down to the stomach through smooth muscle contractions called perisistalis Stomach Has 2 sphincters called the cardiac and pyloric Cardiac allows food in from the oesophagus and the pyloric releases it into the duodenum Mechanical digestion id churning from the stomach muscles Chemical digestion is when hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen, the enzyme used to break down protein Stomach lining replaces itself every 3 days Rug, the ridges produced by the folding of the wall to allow the stomach to expand Duodenum First part of the small intestine The partially digested food is now called chyme Pancreas Located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach It is an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide which circulate in the blood. The pancreas is also a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine These enzymes help to further break down the carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in the chyme Liver The liver is a large, meaty organ that sits on the right side of the belly protected by the rib cage The liver has two large sections with the gallbladder sitting underneath, along with parts of the pancreas and intestines The liver's main job is to filter the blood coming from the digestive tract, before passing it to the rest of the body The liver also detoxifies chemicals and metabolises drugs. As it does so, the liver secretes bile that ends up back in the intestines The liver also makes proteins important for blood clotting and other functions Gall bladder The gallbladder is a small, pouch-like organ in the upper right part of your tummy It stores bile, a fluid produced by the liver that helps break down fatty foods Jejunum and villi The second part of the small intestine It’s lining specialises in the absorption of monosaccharides and amino acids Villi absorbs nutrients and line the small intestine Contain a lacteal, connected to a lymphatic vessel Ileum The third and final part of the small intestine Absorbs mainly B12 used for a healthy nervous system, building red blood cells and using energy from nutrients Walls are thinner here Kidneys The kidneys are a pair of organs located in the back of the abdomen. Each kidney is about 4 or 5 inches long, about the size of a fist The kidneys' function are to filter the blood. All the blood in our bodies passes through the kidneys several times a day The kidneys remove wastes, control the body's fluid balance, and regulate the balance of electrolytes. As the kidneys filter blood, they create urine, which collects in the kidneys' pelvis, funnel-shaped structures that drain down tubes called ureters to the bladder Enzymes Reaction catalysed Produced Amylase Starch - Sugars Salivary glands, pancreas & small intestine Protease Stomach, Proteins - Amino pancreas & small Acids intestine Enzyme Lipase Lipids - Fatty acids + glycerol Pancreas & small intestine Digestive juices – Research task Amylase Saliva Gastric juices Pepsin Rennin What role do they play in digestion? Create a spider diagram Pancreatic juice Amylase, lipase and trips Bile Success enteric Report back to the class with your findings..