Download Chap 10: Evidence of change Qns: 1,2,3,5,6,7,10,11,13,14 Apply

Chap 10: Evidence of change
Qns: 1,2,3,5,6,7,10,11,13,14
Apply Understanding Qns: 2,3
1) What are most fossils found in sedimentary rocks? Why are fossils not found in
volcanic or metamorphic rocks?
2) What are most fossils of aquatic organisms rather than terrestrial organisms?
3) What are whole plants and whole animals rarely preserved as fossils?
5) The technique of carbon dating is used to determine the time at which stone tools
that have been found in the camp-fire charcoal were made. Explain how this may be
done.
6) What is the basis of the technique of electron spin resonance?
7) What was Pangaea? How did Laurasia relate to Pangaea? How did Gondwana
relate to Laurasia?
10) Explain how the level of oxygen in the atmosphere may have changed since the
Earth was formed. How has this change affected the type of organisms – it terms of
cell type and cell size – that were able to survive as time progressed.
11) Adaptations may be behavioural, physiological or structural
a) Explain what is meant by each of these terms.
b) Give an example of each type of adaptation and name an organism with this type of
adaptation.
13) What is divergent evolution? Give an example of how divergent evolution has
affected the evolution of species.
14) What is convergent evolution? Give an example of how convergent evolution has
affected the evolution of species.
Apply Understanding
2) The sugar glider and the flying squirrel have a similar appearance. Both have a flap
of skin between the forelimbs and hind limbs that enables them to glide from branch
to branch. The flying squirrel is a placental mammal found in the Northern
Hemisphere and the sugar glider is a marsupial found in Australia.
a) Name the process that has resulted in these species having similar features.
b) What caused this process of occur for these two species?
c) Why are these two animals different in other ways – one a placental and one a
marsupial?
3) Mimicry is a common phenomenon in natural systems in which the mimic seeks to
look phenotypically like another organism, the model. The model is either harmful,
distasteful or unpalatable to predators. Predators learn to avoid the model and
therefore the mimic. It is assumed that the origins of mimicry lie in random
spontaneous gene mutations, recombinations and chromosome alterations that result
in colour, structure or pattern change.
a) What are the possible advantages of mimicry?
b) What type of evolution is involved in mimicry?
c) In natural systems, what would you expect the ratio of models to mimics to be?
d) How might the disappearance of the model affect the mimic